Page 407 - Acquisition and Processing of Marine Seismic Data

398 7. SUPPRESSION OF MULTIPLE REFLECTIONS

FIG. 7.33 (A) Preconditioned shot gather, and (B) its autoconvolution which doubles the arrivals in time and space
directions.

to estimate the surface-related multiples. i. Regularization: Traces in the input data are
Fig. 7.34 shows an example stack section before interpolated at regular intervals resulting
and after SRME. SRME removes the entire in a constant trace interval from zero to
surface-related multiple energy from the data, maximum offset of the input, particularly to
which is also evident in the autocorrelograms. compensate for the missing near-offset
SRME is generally applied to preconditioned traces.
shot gathers, which include geometry definition, ii. Prediction: Predicts the multiples by 2D
band-pass filter, trace edit, muting, f-k filtering, autoconvolution.
and f-x denoising, if necessary. Deconvolution iii. Unregularization: Input data is transformed
and gain applications must be avoided before into its original trace locations.
SRME since they modify the amplitude and iv. Match filter: Since the predicted multiples
phase relationship between primaries and mul- are generally not consistent with the
tiples. Application of SRME consists of the fol- recorded multiples regarding amplitude
lowing steps: and wavelet shape characteristics, a