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26 1. Air and ater Pollution W

Source : Agriculture, industrial processes. Specif , ically industrial plants for the production
of pulp from timber or other fibrous materials, and paper or board production are responsi-
ble of 70% of the total organic carbon released directly into water from industry per year.
Impact: Depends on the exact type of the pollutants; from adverse long-term ef fects to
immediate danger to human and biotic life.
• Pathogenic Microorganisms
Description : Pathogenic microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, and protozoans.
w
age,
Source : Untreated se storm drains, run-of and particularly boats that f from f arms, ,
dump sewage.
yphoid,
,
Impact: Many adverse effects on health. T dysentery and skin diseases are
fects. among the possible health ef
aste
w
Commonly, water contains numerous compounds and its exact composition is
vironment very difficult to determin or is even unknown, and therefore, its impact on the en
is characterized by
• the concentration of specific substances, such as NH ,N O 3 ,N O , and PO 4 3 ions, and
2
4
heavy metals
• sum parameters, such as TSS (total solids suspended), BOD (biological oxygen
demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), pH, conductivity and temperature.
• its toxicity to organisms in the recei er v
• its hydraulic load.

In Table 1.12, the direct releases of the most important pollutants into water are presented
in association with the corresponding main industrial source. For purposes of comparison,
it is useful here to recall that road transport and comb mainly of the
ustion installations,
Table 1.12
The releases of the main pollutants released directly into water from the industrial sector in
Europe (2001)
Compound t/yr Main source
Phenols 1,419,344 Basic inorganic chemicals or fertilizers (47%)
Total organic carbon 246,524 Industrial plants for pulp from timber or other
fibrous materials, and paper or board
production (70%)
Nitrogen 22,317 Basic inorganic chemicals or fertilizers (29%)
Phosphorus 1662 Basic inorganic chemicals or fertilizers (25%)
Chromium 864 Metal industry (87%)
BTEX 82.5 Basic organic chemicals (56.1%)
Nickel 71.5 Metal industry (45%)
Copper 45.8 Metal industry (23%)
Lead 41.7 Metal industry (40%)
Polycyclic aromatic 10.3 Metal industry (74%)
hydrocarbons
Cadmium 8.1 Metal industry (66%)
Arsenic 5.1 Metal industry (22%)
Mercury 0.5 Metal industry (23%)