Page 105 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

t h a t - c l a u s e s
i n
should
S h o u l d in that-clauses

We can sometimes report advice, orders, requests, suggestions, etc. about things that need to be
We can sometimes report advice, orders, requests, suggestions, etc. about things that need to be
done or are desirable using a that-dause with should + bare infinitive:
done or are desirable using a that-dause with should + bare infinitive:
should move to their London office.
They have proposed that Jim
• ¢ They have proposed that Jim should move to their London office.
Alice thinks that we should avoid driving through the centre of town.
• ¢ Alice thinks that we should avoid driving through the centre of town.
I suggested that Mr Clarke should begin to look for another job.
• ¢ I suggested that Mr Clarke should begin to look for another job.
It has been agreed that the company should not raise its prices.
• ¢ It has been agreed that the company should not raise its prices.
should we often use be + past participle or be + adjective:
After should we often use be + past participle or be + adjective:
After
directed that the building should be pulled down.
• ¢ They directed that the building should be pulled down.
They
land should not be sold.
• ¢ The report recommends that the land should not be sold.
The report recommends that the
We urged that the students should be told immediately.
• ¢ We urged that the students should be to/d immediately.
We insist that the money should be available to all students in financial difficulties.
• ¢ We insist that the money should be available to all students in financial difficulties.
formal contexts, particularly in written English, we can often leave out should but keep the
In In formal contexts, particularly in written English, we can often leave out should but keep the
An infinitive used in this way is sometimes called the subjunctive.
infinitive. An infinitive used in this way is sometimes called the subjunctive.
infinitive.
They directed that the building be pulled down.
9 • ¢ They directed that the building be pulled down.
We insist that the money be available to all students in financial difficulties.
• ¢ We insist that the money be available to all students in financial difficulties.
It was agreed that the company not raise its prices.
• ¢ It was agreed that the company not raise its prices.
less formal contexts we can use ordinary tenses instead of the subjunctive. Compare:
In In less formal contexts we can use ordinary tenses instead of the subjunctive. Compare:
They recommended that he should give up writing.
• ¢ They recommended that he should give up writing.
They recommended that he give up writing, (more formal)
• * They recommended that he give up writing. (more formal)
They recommended that he gives up writing, (less formal)
• * They recommended that he gives up writing. (less formal)
also:
Notice
Notice also:
They recommended that he gave up writing. (= he gave it up)
• ¢ They recommended that he gave up writing. (= he gave it up)
verbs that are used in a reporting clause before a that-dause with should or the
Other verbs that are used in a reporting clause before a that-dause with should or the
Other
ask, beg, command, demand, instruct, intend, order, request, require,
subjunctive include advise, ask, beg, command, demand, instruct, intend, order, request, require,
subjunctive include advise,
warn. Notice that we can also use that-dauses with should after reporting clauses with
stipulate, warn. Notice that we can also use that-dauses with should after reporting clauses with
stipulate,
these verbs:
nouns related to to these verbs:
nouns related
The police gave an order that all weapons (should) be handed in immediately.
• ¢ The police gave an order that all weapons (should) be handed in immediately.
The weather forecast gave a warning that people (should) be prepared for heavy snow.
• ¢ The weather forecast gave a warning that people (should) be prepared for heavy snow.
talk about
own
in
use
reaction
when we
something we
that-dause
can
to
a
our
should
We
We can use should in a that-dause when we talk about our own reaction to something we
are reporting, particularly after be + + adjective (e.g. amazed, anxious, concerned, disappointed,
are reporting, particularly after be adjective (e.g. amazed, anxious, concerned, disappointed,
surprised, upset):
surprised, upset):
I am concerned that she should think I stole the money.
• ¢ Iam concerned that she should think I stole the money. or or
I am concerned that she thinks I stole the money, (not ...that she think I stole...)
• ¢ Iam concerned that she thinks I stole the money. (not ...that she think I stole...) not an and
We can also use should or sometimes the subjunctive in a that-dause after it + be + adjective fe
use
sentences like this we
an ordinary tense,
leave out should in
Notice that when we leave out should in sentences like this we use an ordinary tense, not an
Notice that when we
like this
very little
in meaning between sentences
with
difference
usually
is
infinitive. There is usually very little difference in meaning between sentences like this with and
infinitive. There
leave out should in less formal contexts.
We
should.
without
without should. We leave out should in less formal contexts.
in
subjunctive
sometimes the
after
+
also
it + be
can
adjective
a
use
should
or
that-dause
We
(in)appropriate,
(un)necessary, vital:
important,
essential, imperative,
such as crucial,
such as crucial, essential, imperative, important, (in)appropriate, (un)necessary, vital:
(or ...they
are given...)
(should)
be given the award again,
It is inappropriate they
• ¢ It is inappropriate they (should) be given the award again. (or ...they are given...)
It is important that she
(should)
understand what her decision means,
...she
(or
• ¢ It is important that she (should) understand what her decision means. (or ...she
understands...)
understands...)
It... (1) =
ofers,
Reporting offers, etc. => IffTtETl It...(1): =
Reporting
IIMREFA
>
etc.