Page 171 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

w a n t
t o - i n f i n i t i v e s
t o
L e a v i n g o u t to-infinitives ( S h e d i d n ' t want to ( g o ) . )
(She
out
Leaving
(go).)
didn't
We can sometimes use to instead of a clause beginning with a to-infinitive when it is clear from
We can sometimes use to instead of a clause beginning with a to-infinitive when it is clear from
the context what we are talking about:
the context what we are talking about:
but I won't be able to.
(instead of ...to come with you.)
I wanted to come with you,
• * I wanted to come with you, but I won't be able to. (instead of ...to come with you.)
'I'm not asking you to.'
(instead of ...to lend me
more
• ¢ 'I can't lend you any more money.' 'I'm not asking you to.' (instead of ...to lend me more
‘I can't lend you any more money.'
money.)
money.)
(instead of
been better if Rosa had asked
for my help, but she chose not to.
It might have
• ¢ It might have been better if Rosa had asked for my help, but she chose not to. (instead of
...chose not to ask for my help.)
..chose not to ask for my help.)
infinitive
of the verb be
parts
in the previous
or clause the
use
sentence
form
However, when we
However, when we use parts of the verb be in the previous sentence or clause the infinitive form
of the verb (to be) is repeated after to:
of the verb (to be) is repeated after to:
to be.
...just pretended
he just pretended
(not
to.)
frightened - or maybe
Simon was
• ¢ Simon was frightened - or maybe he just pretended to be. (not ...just pretended to.)
(not ...clearly intended to.)
• ¢ The report is very critical and is clearly intended to be. (not ...clearly intended to.)
The report is very critical and is clearly intended to be.
sometimes leave out a to-infinitive clause or use to after certain adjectives and nouns:
We sometimes leave out a to-infinitive clause or use to after certain adjectives and nouns:
We
'Could you and Tom help me move house?' "Well, I'm willing (to), and I'll ask Tom.’
• * 'Could you and Tom help me move house?’ 'Well, I'm willing (to), and I'll ask Tom.'
(to).
• ¢ I'm not going to write another book - at least I don't have any plans (to).
I'm not going to write another book - at least I don't have any plans
forget,
expect,
leave out
a
to-infinitive
or use to with the verbs
agree,
promise,
ask,
We can also
We can also leave out a fo-infinitive or use to with the verbs agree, ask, expect, forget, promise,
refuse, try, wish:
refuse, try, wish:
by 10 o'clock. He promised (to).
• ¢ Robert will collect us us by 10 o'clock. He promised (to).
Robert will collect
'Sorry, I forgot (to).'
• ¢ 'You were supposed to buy some sugar.' 'Sorry, I forgot (to).'
‘You were supposed to buy some sugar.’
use negative forms of expect and wish we don't leave out to:
However, when we use negative forms of expect and wish we don't leave out to:
However, when we
didn't expect to. (not ...we didn't expect.)
• * We saw Maggie in Scotland, although we
We saw Maggie in Scotland, although we didn't expect to. (not ...we didn't expect.)
some verbs we don't leave out to:
After
After some verbs we don't leave out to:
J admit that I took her watch, but I didn't mean to.
• ¢ I admit that I took her watch, but I didn't mean to.
suggest changes to the plans if you want.' 'I intend to.'
• ¢ 'Please
'Please suggest changes to the plans if you want.' 'I intend to.'
deserve,
fail, hate, hope, need,
Other verbs like this include advise (+ noun), be able, choose, deserve, fail, hate, hope, need,
Other verbs like this include advise (+ noun), be able, choose,
prefer.
prefer.
and would like in //-clauses and w/7-clauses we can leave out a to-infinitive or use to:
After want and would like in //-clauses and wh-clauses we can leave out a to-infinitive or use to:
After want
(to).
• * You're welcome to dance if you'd like
You're welcome to dance if you'd like (to).
• * You can do whatever you would like (to).
You can do whatever you would like (to).
Call me Fred if you want (to).
• * Call me Fred if you want (to).
(to) and leave the rest.
Take what you want
• ¢ Take what you want (to) and leave the rest.
include to:
Oln other cases we include to:
ain other cases we
see you tomorrow, and I would still like to.
• « • ¢ I was planning to to see you tomorrow, and I would still like to.
J was planning
because
they want to,
offered
they hope
to
because
be
to
your
car
clean
paid.
not
They
• ¢ • ¢ • * They offered to clean your car because they want to, not because they hope to be paid.
leave
out
like
we
a
to-infinitive:
Vab + to-infiniive > FRTAEYART! Verb + wh-clause = of want, would like, and like, including in //-clauses
After
After like we leave out a fo-infinitive:
offended.
I won't be
Say anything you like.
Say anything you like. I won't be offended.
You can have one of these cakes if you like.
You can have one of these cakes if you like.
to with negative
include
forms
However, we include to with negative forms of want, would like, and like, including in if-clauses
However, we
^-clauses:
and wh-clauses :
and
'I don't really want to.'
• ¢
'Shall we go and visit Joan?'
'Shall we go and visit Joan?' 'I don't really want to.'
I should have phoned Jo last night, but it was so late when I got home I didn't like to.
• ¢ I should have phoned Jo last night, but it was so late when I got home I didn't like to.
'He won't mind you phoning him at home.' 'Oh, no, I wouldn't like to.'
'He won't mind you phoning him at home.' 'Oh, no, I wouldn't like to."
• ¢
Verb + to-infinitive => IIIIIIHMH:! Veb+wh-clause - > FRE