Page 167 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

D o s o ; s u c h
so;
Do
such

do so
do
so
We use do so instead of repeating aa verb + object or verb + complement whenwhen itit is clear from the
or
use
complement
object
+
We
the
verb
from
do
+
of
verb
clear
is
repeating
instead
so
context what we are talking about. We can also use does so, did so, doing so, etc.:
use
does
did
also
context
can
so,
are
we
etc.:
talking
so,
what
We
so,
about.
doing
• ¢ She won the competition in 1997 and seems likely to do so (= win the competition) again
do
won
the
again
likely
competition
to
so
1997
and
(=
win
She
seems
in
the
competition)
this year.
this
year.
• ¢ Dr Lawson said, 'Sit down.' Cathy did so (= sat down), and started to talk about
Dr
so
did
Lawson
down.'
'Sit
Cathy
(= sat down), and started to talk about herher
said,
problems.
problems.
• ¢ The climbers will try again today to reach the summit of the mountain. Their chances ofof
reach
again
chances
the
try
summit
today
Their
to
the
mountain.
climbers
will
The
of
doing so (= reaching the summit of the mountain) are better than they were last week. (In(In
week.
than
better
so
the
(=
they
were
summit
are
mountain)
of
reaching
the
last
doing
very formal English we can also use so doing.)
we
very
formal
use
can
English
so
doing.)
also
• ¢ When he was asked to check the figures, he claimed that he had already done so. (= checkedchecked
done
so.
asked
he
to
was
(=
check
figures,
had
already
the
he
he
claimed
When
that
the figures)
figures)
the
Do so is most oftenoften usedused in formal spoken and writtenwritten English. In informal English we can use
Do
formal
English
and
English.
so
can
use
we
spoken
In
is
most
informal
in
rather
than
do
so:
do it do that rather than do so:
do
that
do it oror
• ¢ Mrs Bakewell waved as she walked past. She does so/it/that every morning.
every
past.
Bakewell
She
does
waved
Mrs
so/it/that
as
she
morning.
walked
• ¢ Ray told me to put in a new battery. I did so/it/that, but the radio still doesn't work.
I
put
radio
work.
in
did
so/it/that,
a
to
but
told
me
new
Ray
doesn't
still
battery.
the
do
We
also
after
than
We cancan also use do alone rather than do so inin less formal English, especially after modals oror
modals
rather
use
less
formal
alone
do
especially
so
English,
perfect tenses (see also B):
also
(see
tenses
B):
perfect
• ¢ 'Will this programme work on your computer?' 'It should do.'
on
do."
'It
should
'Will
programme
your
this
work
computer?’
• * I told you that I'd finish the work by today, and I have done, ('have' is stressed here)
the
work
done.
today,
told
is
I
by
I
have
and
(‘have'
stressed
finish
here)
that
you
I'd
D Study the followingfollowing sentences:
Study
the
sentences:

(not do
so)
do so
do so do (not do so)
do

like Porter's films but I do.
of the members
Brown
John doesn't
voted for Ken
65%
• * 65% of the members voted for Ken Brown • ¢ John doesn't like Porter's films but I do.
so.)
...I do
(not
this time, whereas 84% did so last year.
ba this time, whereas 84% did so last year. (not ...1 do so.)
never
expect them to
although
confessed to the murder,
remember my
• ¢ Kenyon confessed to the murder, although • ¢ I I never expect them to remember my
Kenyon
(not
birthday, but they usually do. (not
he only did so after a number of witnesses
he only did so after a number of witnesses birthday, but they usually do.
so.)
killer.
identified him as the
had identified him as the killer.
had
..usually do
...usually do so.)

We cancan use do so instead of verbs that describe actions (dynamic verbs), suchsuch as vote and
(dynamic
vote
and
that
of
actions
use
describe
verbs),
instead
so
as
do
verbs
We
confess. We don't use do so with verbs that describe states, suchsuch as like andand remember.
as
don't
states,
use
confess.
describe
like
remember.
so
do
We
with
verbs
that
such
such
(a/an)
We
use
+
to
We cancan use such + (a/an) + noun to referrefer back to something mentioned before, with the meaning
to
something
noun
+
meaning
with
the
such
before,
back
mentioned
We
use
'of this/ that kind'. someone such + noun when the noun is uncountable or plural, and such person
a/an
and
this/
a/an
noun
+
such
use
is
plural,
or
when
kind'.
such ++
noun
that
We
the
‘of
uncountable
Such We allow both men and women to have timeoff preparing More shed children. we 200 were the
+ noun when the noun is countable:
+ noun when the noun is countable:
They needed someone who was both an excellent administrator and manager.
Such a
administrator
• °:
Such
an
needed
and
manager.
They
both
was
person
who
i @
excellent
a
was not easy to
find.
not
easy
* &
to
find.
was
off work to bring up children.
We were the
•
We
bring
to
up
and
time
work
men
We
to
have
women
allow
both
¢
department to introduce such a scheme.
such
to
introduce
department
firstfirst
a
scheme.
badly-
•
refer to teachers by their first names and will
The students
by
criticise
their
them
The
first
will
badly-
names
often criticise them forfor
often
to
and
students
teachers
refer
¢
Such behaviour is unacceptable in most schools.
prepared lessons.
prepared lessons. Such behaviour is unacceptable in most schools.
•
the
than
rumours
about
asked
jobs,
that
When asked about rumours that the company is preparing to shed more than 200 jobs, aa
to
When
company
¢
more
is
spokeswoman said:
'I know of no such plans.'
know
of
said:
'I
plans."
spokeswoman
no
such
speech
is used in this way mainly in formal
use,
and writing.
use,
mainly
Such
way
informally we cancan
is
and
informally
More
speech
formal
forfor
in
writing.
this
used
in
like this...',
example,
'This
etc.
sort of behaviour...',
'A person
of this kind.',
scheme
of
person
this
'...a‘...a
'This
example,
'A
of
sort
etc.
behaviour...',
this...',
scheme
like
kind.',
So [lz