Page 276 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

Glossary

inversion passive
passive
inversion
the usual word order so
passive clause
or passive
a
Changing In In a passive clause or passive
Changing the usual word order so
verb comes before the
the grammatical
subject is
sentence,
that the
that the verb comes before the sentence, the grammatical subject is
(e.g. Up went the balloon).
person
or thing that
experiences
the
subject
subject (e.g. Up went the balloon). the person or thing that experiences
the
action
effect of the
in
given
the effect of the action given in the
the
linking verb
linking verb
(e.g. The
by
book was written
verb
verb (e.g. The book was written by
become,
appear)
(e.g.
that
be,
A verb
A verb (e.g. be, become, appear) that
ACTIVE.
Compare
Geoff.). Compare ACTIVE.
Geoff.).
a SUBJECT with its verb
connects
connects a SUBJECT with its
modal COMPLEMENT. performative verb when a speaker uses the
COMPLEMENT.
performative
states the action that is
which
A verb
A verb which states the action that is
verbs
modal verbs
performed when a speaker uses the
performed
of verbs
A group
A group of verbs (can, could, dare,
verb (e.g. I promise I'll do it
to,
need, ought
might, must, (can, could, dare, verb (e.g. I promise I'll do it
I
apologise).
may, might, must, need, ought to, tomorrow; I apologise).
may,
tomorrow;
should, will, would, used to)
shall,
shall, should, will, would, used to)
possessive
that give information about such
that give information about such possessive
The possessive form of a noun ends
things as possibility, necessity, and
things as possibility, necessity, and The possessive form of a noun ends
(e.g.
obligation. in either -'s (e.g. Mark's car) or -s'
Mark's car)
-s'
or
-'s
obligation.
in either
the girls' changing room).
(e.g. the girls’ changing room).
(e.g.
noun
noun
a person, place,
refers to
A word that refers to a person, place, preposition
A word that
preposition
by that comes
in,
on,
such as
thing, quality, etc. A proper noun
thing, quality, etc. A proper noun is is A word such as in, on, by that comes
A word
of a
particular person,
name
before a noun, pronoun, noun phrase
the name of a particular person, before a noun, pronoun, noun phrase
the
above
-ing form
(e.g.
in March,
place or thing (e.g. John Todd, or or -ing form (e.g. in March, above
place or thing (e.g. John Todd,
Opera
by
House).
investing).
Sydney
Berlin, Sydney Opera House). my uncle's head, by investing).
my uncle's head,
Berlin,
phrase
noun phrase prepositional phrase
noun
prepositional phrase
of a
main
A group of words where the
A group of words that consists
A group of words where the main A group of words that consists of a
and
prepositional
its
preposition
word is a noun (e.g. I've been talking preposition and its prepositional
word is a noun (e.g. I've been talking
the woman across the road; We (a noun, pronoun, noun
object (a noun, pronoun, noun
to to the woman across the road; We object
to
or
-ing
our
small
(e.g.
children).
form)
several
behind
spoke
spoke to several small children). phrase or -ing form) (e.g. behind our
phrase
across it).
house, across it).
house,
object
object
affected
the
or
thing
by
person
The
The person or thing affected by the pronoun
pronoun
verb
involved
of the
or that
is
action of the verb or that is involved A word that used instead of a noun
action
A word that is is used instead of a noun
include
Pronouns
(e.g.
I put
in the result of the action
in the result of the action (e.g. I put or noun phrase. Pronouns include
or noun phrase.
I,
she,
on
back
(e.g.
shelf).
me),
the
book
the
the book back on the shelf). personal pronouns (e.g. J, she, me),
personal pronouns
SUBJECT.
Compare SUBJECT. reflexive pronouns (e.g. myself,
Compare
reflexive pronouns (e.g. myself,
and
RELATIVE
PRONOUNS
herself), and RELATIVE PRONOUNS
herself),
participle
who, which).
participle
(e.g.
(e.g. who, which).
'-ing'
The present participle is the '-ing'
The present participle is the
walking,
singing,
(e.g.
verb
of a
form
form of a verb (e.g. walking, singing, quantifier
quantifier
for example,
goes
in
used,
before
eating) used, for example, in A word or phrase that goes before a a
A word or phrase that
eating)
continuous tenses. The past participle
noun or noun phrase to talk about
continuous tenses. The past participle noun or noun phrase to talk about
a little
'-ed'
(e.g.
(e.g.
of a
verb
form
is the
the quantity of something
is the '-ed' form of a verb (e.g. the quantity of something (e.g. a little
sung, eaten) used, for many of the women in the
water, many ofthe women in the
walked, water,
walked, sung, eaten) used, for
example, in perfect tenses. A
example, in perfect tenses. A room).
room).
participle adjective is one formed
participle adjective is one formed
or past participle
of
relative clause
present
from the
from the present or past participle of relative clause
of
CLAUSE that
SUBORDINATE
applying,
candidates
(e.g.
A kind
the
verb
a a verb (e.g. the candidates applying, A kind of SUBORDINATE CLAUSE that
a noun that comes
it
before
describes
broken
plate).
a a broken plate). describes a noun that comes before it
a MAIN CLAUSE. A defining relative
in in a MAIN CLAUSE. A defining relative
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