Page 33 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

am aoingj тог тпе титиге
rresent continuous
rreseni continuous (! am going) Tor the Tuture
and going to
and going to

We use the present continuous and going to + infinitive (see also Unit 11С)11C) to talk about future
(see
talk
+
infinitive
about
going
use
and
Unit
to
also
future
continuous
We
to
the
present
activities and events that are intended or have already been arranged:
and
or
arranged:
events
have
intended
been
activities
are
that
already
Q • She's making a a speech at the conference next week.
at
next
She's
week.
making
the
¢
speech
conference
Are you seeing Tony this week?
• • Are you seeing Tony this week? (= do you have an arrangement to see him?)
an
*
(=
him?)
have
arrangement
you
see
*
to
do
• I'm tired. I'm not going to work any more tonight.
I'm
I'm
work
to
not
going
any
*
tired.
tonight.
more
We're going to do
climbing
some
in
• We're going to do some climbing in the Pyrenees.
+
Pyrenees.
the
We don't use will to talk about arrangements and intentions (but see Unit 11C):11C):
see
and
intentions
will
talk
use
arrangements
don't
to
(but
We
Unit
about
Apparently, the council
reporting
closing
an
going
(=
to
• Apparently, the council are closing // are going to close the old library. (= reporting an
close
old
*
are
library.
the
are
arrangement) (not ...the council will close...)
...the
will
council
(not
arrangement)
close...)
INTENTION to do something in the future, although no definite
When we talk about anan INTENTION to do something in the future, although no definite
talk
about
When
we
arrangement has been made, we prefer going to rather than the present continuous. To emphasise
has
continuous.
the
going
to
than
rather
made,
been
present
prefer
we
To
emphasise
arrangement
that we are talking about a DEFINITE ARRANGEMENT, we prefer the present continuous. Study
prefer
that
Study
we
are
the
we
a
DEFINITE
about
continuous.
ARRANGEMENT,
present
talking
these sentences:
sentences:
these

leaving
Frankfurt airport
at
from
I'm going
China
next year,
Before I go
They're
• * Before I go to to China next year, I'm going • * They're leaving from Frankfurt airport at
(rather than
(rather than They're going to
6.30 pm.
to learn some Cantonese, (rather than 6.30 pm. (rather than They're going to
to learn some Cantonese.
...I'm learning some Cantonese.) leave...)
...I'm learning some Cantonese.)
leave...)
feeling very well, so I think
I'm still not
We're having a party on Sunday, 12th
• * I'm still not feeling very well, so I think • ¢ We're having a party on Sunday, 12th
see the doctor some time this
I'm going to to see the doctor some time this November. Can you come? (rather than
I'm going
November. Can you come? (rather than
week, (rather than ...I think I'm seeing the We're going to have...)
...1
week.
think
than
seeing
the
We're going to have...)
(rather
I'm
doctor...) • * The orchestra is performing Mahler's Sth
performing Mahler's
orchestra
is
5th
doctor...)
The
What are you going to do next, now that Symphony at next week's concert,
*
• What are you going to do next, now that Symphony at next week's concert. (rather(rather
you've finished your course? (rather than than ...is going to perform...)
course?
you've
to
finished
(rather
going
your
...1S
than
perform...)
than
What are you doing next...)
are
you
What
next...)
doing

We don't use the present continuous for the future:
We don't use the present continuous for the future:
when we make or report predictions about activities or events over which we have no control
• * when we make or report predictions about activities or events over which we have no control
(we can't arrange these):
(we can't arrange these):
• '11 rain soon, (not I think it's raining soon.)
rain
I
think
2 * I think it's going to rain // ‘Il rainsoon. (not I think it's raining soon.)
to
it's
going
• Scientists say that the satellite is going to fall / will fall to Earth some time this afternoon.
/
say
afternoon.
Earth
is
some
to
going
that
fall
fall
Scientists
will
time
the
*
this
satellite
to
(not ...the satellite is falling...)
(not
...the
falling...)
is
satellite
• * when we talk about permanent future situations:
when
we
situations:
about
future
talk
permanent
• People are going to live / will live longer in the future, (not ...are living...)
going
are
thefuture.
living...)
People
will
...are
live
/
to
*
live
(not
in
longer
• The brothers are going to own / will own most of the buildings inin the street before long.
before
most
the
buildings
brothers
/
The
to
going
own
are
the
own
street
long.
of
*
will
(not ...are house be going to have / the school three floors, (not ...is having...)
owning...)
(not
Owning...)
...are
We tend to avoid going to + go and use the present continuous form of go instead:
Her new house is going to have / will have three floors, (not ...is having...)
•
will
is
new
Her
*
have
with the verb be:
•
be:
*
with
the
verb
•
being...)
(«of John's being...)
John's
nextweek.
to
going
a
in
shepherd
play
John's going to be a shepherd in the school play next week, (ot
John's
*
in May.
being in Tokyo...)
I'm going to be in Tokyo
•
*
May.
in
to
Tm
going
Tokyo
in
be
in
(not I'mI'm
Tokyo...)
(not
being
continuous
to
present
of
go
instead:
to
going
tend
avoid
go
the
form
and
We
use
+
(rather than I'm going to go to town...)
•
I'm going to town on Saturday,
to
going
I'm
onSaturday.
going
(rather
I'm
town...)
go
town
to
than
to
*
Alice is
•
...is going to go to university...)
going to
university next year,
(rather than
than
*
to
...is
go
to
nextyear.
going
university
(rather
university...)
Alice
going
is
to
Willand
goingto
Will and going to = ER