Page 31 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

I W i l l a n d g o i n g to; s h a l l
t o ;
and
Will
shall
going
Will + infinitive and going to + infinitive are commonly used to talk about the future. Sometimes
Will + infinitive and going to + infinitive are commonly used to talk about the future. Sometimes
difference between them is very small:
the
the difference between them is very small:
John'U / John's going to meet us in the restaurant at 8 o'clock.
• * John’ll / John's going to meet us in the restaurant at 8 o'clock.
Will you / Are you going to come back this evening?
• ¢ Will you / Are you going to come back this evening?
is preferred in spoken English (where it is often pronounced /дэпэ/) and will is
However, going
However, going to to is preferred in spoken English (where it is often pronounced /n9n3/) and will is
in formal written English. (For other uses of will see Units 18 and 19.)
preferred
preferred in formal written English. (For other uses of will see Units 18 and 19.)
below we focus on where there is a meaning difference.
In B-D
In B-D below we focus on where there is a meaning difference.
ОШ
r a
t o
e
u s e
future
8
PREDICT that
В ^ Weuse goimg toratherthan will when we PREDICT that something will happen in the future
ther than will when we
something
happen in
the
8
will
for it now. It may be that we predict an event that is just about to
because we have some evidence
because we have some evidence for it now. It may be that we predict an event that is just about to
feel, see (etc.) now:
happen on the basis of something that we
happen on the basis of something that we feel, see (etc.) now:
'She thinks she's going to faint.'
‘What's that matter with her?’
• * 'What's that matter with her?' 'She thinks she's going to faint.’
or it may be that we can predict an event because we have been told that it will happen:
or it may be that we can predict an event because we have been told that it will happen:
are going to get married?
Did you know that Bob and Kath
• * Did you know that Bob and Kath are going to get married?
if we make a prediction based on our opinion or our past experience we use will:
However,
However, if we make a prediction based on our opinion or our past experience we use will:
over at the weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you again.
Why not come
• * Why not come over at the weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you again.
imagine the stadium will be full for the match on Saturday.
• * I | imagine the stadium will be full for the match on Saturday.
When we talk about INTENTIONS or DECISIONS about the future that were made some time
When we talk about INTENTIONS or DECISIONS about the future that were made some time
(see Unit 12):
before we report them, we prefer going to or the present continuous
before we report them, we prefer going to or the present continuous (see Unit 12):
'Jo's going to do it.' (- this has been planned)
2 • * 'Who's arranging the party?' 'Jo's going to do it.'(= this has been planned)
‘Who's arranging the party?’
(= reporting an intention)
Toni told me that she's going to move back to Spain. (= reporting an intention)
• * Toni told me that she's going to move back to Spain.
notice that in a formal style, we use will rather than going to to talk about future events
However,
However, notice that in a formal style, we use will rather than going to to talk about future events
been previously arranged in some detail:
that have
that have been previously arranged in some detail:
The meeting will begin at 10.00 am. Coffee will be available from 9.30 onwards.
• * The meeting will begin at 10.00 am. Coffee will be available from 9.30 onwards.
state a decision made at the moment of speaking, we prefer will:
When we
When we state a decision made at the moment of speaking, we prefer will:
'Is that the phone?"Don't worry. I'll get it.' I think I'll go to bed now.
• * ‘'Isthat the phone?"Don't worry.I’ll get it.’ • + It's late. I think I'll go to bed now.
It's late.
use will or going to with little difference in meaning in the main clause of an if-sentence
We can
We can use will or going to with little difference in meaning in the main clause of an if-sentence
say that something (often something negative) is conditional on something else - it will
when we say that something (often something negative) is conditional on something else - it will
when we
first:
happen if something else happens
happen if something else happens first:
If we go on like this, we'll / we're going to lose all our money.
• * Ifwe go on like this, we'll / we're going to lose all our money.
(if you're not more careful).
You'll / You're going to knock that glass over (if you're not more careful).
• * You'll / You're going to knock that glass over
use will (or another auxiliary), not going to, when we describe a future event that
However, we
However, we use will (or another auxiliary), not going to, when we describe a future event that
Often 'if' has a meaning similar to 'when' in this kind of sentence:
follows another. Often ‘if has a meaning similar to 'when' in this kind of sentence:
follows another. carefully, left, you'll (or may) be able to see the church. glass.
€- In current English we don't useshall/shan’t with other subjects (it, she, they, etc.) when we talk
you'll
can)
(or
look
writing scratched
find
on the
Ifyou
If you look carefully, you'll (or can) find writing scratched on the glass.
• *
to your
move
If you move to your left, you'll (or may) be able to see the church.
Ifyou
• *
(For other
uses
see Unit 25.)
of shall,
Shall (For other uses of shall, see Unit 25.)
Shall
We can use shall (or shan't) instead of will (or won't) in statements about the future with I and
We can use shall (or shan't) instead of will (or won't) in statements about the future with I and
although
will/won't:
use
common
more
is
to
it
we, although it is more common to use will/won't:
we,
time
for my painting.
I retire,
When
• *
When I retire, shall/will have more
/ shall/will have more time for my painting.
be
able to
help others.
shall/will
stronger we are, the more we
• *
The stronger we are, the more we shall/will be able to help others.
The
• In current English we don't use shall/shan't with other subjects (it, she, they, etc.) when we talk
future.
' about the future.
® about the
Shall: permission and offers =
Will: willingness
Will: willingness: =>
Will: habits
Will: habits = =>
Shall: permission offers:=>
and