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68                           Advances in Productive, Safe, and Responsible Coal Mining
















         Fig. 5.3 Haulage unit dumping time.
















         Fig. 5.4 Empty haulage unit travel speed.




















         Fig. 5.5 Loaded haulage unit travel speed.


         deemed valid if the predicted output is within 15% of actual levels achieved by the
         mine. Input data used to validate the model was obtained from time studies conducted
         at the mine (Figs. 5.3–5.8). These raw data were analyzed to fit statistical distribu-
         tions using the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, as shown in Table 5.1. Input data
         included loading and dumping times, payloads, and battery change data, which are
         sampled from these distributions. Input data was selected to reflect loading, hauling,
         and dumping logic. Besides production rate, other model outputs include production
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