Page 33 - Advances in bioenergy (2016)

States, whereas panel (g) displays the differences in estimated US corn ethanol
multipliers from partial versus general equilibrium models. PE, partial equilibrium;
CGE, computable general equilibrium; EJ, exjoules.

Figure 30.3 Estimated corn ethanol multipliers for corn or coarse grain prices as a
function of the models demand and supply elasticities. The histograms on the left and
bottom show the distribution of demand and supply elasticities from the models
reviewed, differentiating between partial (PE) and general (CGE) equilibrium models,
as well as the average elasticities for each of the two model categories (standard
deviations in parenthesis). EJ, exjoules.

Figure 30.4 The figure plots the estimated biofuel multipliers from the models
reviewed (horizontal axis) against the same measure estimated using an extremely

simple model—one linear supply curve and one linear demand curve—calibrated using
supply and demand elasticities from the larger model. The closer the data points are to
the diagonal line, the more accurately the simple model reproduces the result from the
full models. EJ, exjoules.

Figure 30.5 Estimated biofuel multipliers for the main biofuels as a function of the total
biofuel demand in the corresponding model scenarios. The green line shows the current
45
(2011) annual global biofuel production and the green-shaded area near-term (2020)
projections for global biofuel demand, primarily based on existing and proposed
national biofuel mandates and support policies. 48,49 EJ, exjoules.

Chapter 31

Figure 31.1 Percentage of benchmark criteria complied with by the three standard
types, respectively.

Figure 31.2 Percentage of benchmark criteria complied with on a principle level for
the three standard types, respectively. Well considered principles are those with >80%
criteria complied with in total; Poorly considered principles are those with <50%
criteria complied with in total.

Chapter 32

Figure 32.1 The distribution of the 192 respondents by their capacities, with groups of
capacities redefined based on Q2.

Figure 32.2 The distribution of the 192 respondents by (a) the geographical region in

which they are located, (b) the geographical regions from which they have experience,
(c) the single voluntary certification they selected as the one most familiar to them, (d)
the types of voluntary certification schemes with which they more broadly have
experience, (e) duration of their bioenergy experience, and (f) duration of their
certification experience.