Page 106 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Prospects of biodiesel feedstock as an effective ecofuel source and their challenges 79

3.3.3 Enzymatic method of extraction

Enzymatic oil extraction is a promising technique for oil extraction from plant mate-
rials using suitable enzymes while crushing [22]. Cell-wall degrading enzymes can be
used to extract oil by solubilizing the structural cell wall components of the oilseed.
This concept has already been commercialized for the production of olive oil and has
also been investigated for other oil-bearing materials [65]. Table 3.11 shows the oil
extraction yields obtained with different plant seeds and by using different types of
enzymes. As seen from Table 3.11, enzyme mixtures with combined activity give,
in general, better results than individual enzymes.

Table 3.11 Enzymatic aqueous extraction for different oil-bearing materials
in comparison to control

Oil
Concentration or yield
Oil seed Enzyme activity (%)
Rapeseed Control (aqueous without enzyme) 53.9
Pectinase (Pectinex ultra-sp) 2% 71.4
Cellulase 300 unit 55.4
Multicarbohydrases (ViscoZyme 2.5% 71.3
120L) 0.2% 70.0
Pectinase (NovoZyme 249) 0.9% 54.2
Cellulase (NovoZyme 465) 0.4%:0.1% 80.2
Pectinase (NovoZyme 249)
+cellulase (NovoZyme 465)
Soybean Control (aqueous without enzyme) 62.0
Protease (Alcalase) 0.2% 84.0
Protease (Sigma) 0.2% 86.0
Coconut Control (aqueous without enzyme) 12.0
Pectinase (Clarex)+alpha-amylase 0.1%:0.1%:0.1% 80.0
(Tanase)+ protease (HT-proteolytic) 0.1%:0.1%:0.1% 89.3
Pectinase (Irgazyme)+alpha-amylase 0.1%:0.1%:0.1%:0.1% 87.6
(Tanase)+protease (HT-proteolytic) 0.1%:0.1%:0.1%:0.1% 89.4
Pectinase (Petcimex)+pectinase 0.1%:0.1%:0.1% 83.5
(Clarex)+alpha-amylase (Tanase) 0.3% 14.4
+protease (HT-proteolytic) 0.1%:0.1%:0.1%:0.1% 93.8
Pectinase (Clearzyme)+pectinase
(Clarex)+alpha-amylase (Tanase)
+protease (HT-proteolytic)
Pectinase (Rohapec)+alpha-amylase
(Tanase)+protease (HT-proteolytic)
Beta-glucanase (brew-n-zyme)
Beta-glucanase (brew-n-zyme)
+pectinase (Clarex)+alpha-amylase
(Tanase)+protease (HT-proteolytic)
Continued