Page 33 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

10 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

alteration of fuel strategy. Recent studies suggest addressing the following key param-
eters to achieve this goal:
a) Identification of more oxygenated biofuels (about 10%–12% more self-oxygen).
b) Development of ternary blends by mixing two biodiesels with a low viscous, high heating
value additive by considering three fuel properties (density, viscosity, and calorific value)
that directly impact combustion.
c) Maintaining the blend density as low as possible.
d) Maintaining the fuel viscosity as low as possible.
e) Maintaining the calorific value of the blended fuel as close to fossil fuel as possible.

1.6 Conclusion

The studies conducted show that the newly introduced ecofuel from different feed-
stocks could be one of the promising alternative fuels to meet the increasing energy
demand. The advances in the field of ecofuel research become one of the interesting
fields for new researchers due to the wide range of undiscovered scopes. The study
presents and explores new feedstocks for ecofuel production and analyzes the
advancement of the technological progress and sustainability, focusing on environ-
mental issues. It also presents a comprehensive study on the commercial prospect
of the ecofuel and the socioeconomic impact of the ecofuel. The study recommends
further studies to optimize the challenges currently faced by the ecofuel industries to
minimize the total production cost of the fuel.

References

[1] IEO, International Energy Outlook 2016. Chapter 1: World energy demand and economic
outlook. [cited on 10 November 2016]; Available from: https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/
ieo/world.cfm>.
[2] World_Bank. The World Bank, Total population data. [cited on 20th November, 2016];
Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end¼2015&start¼
1960&view¼chart>.
[3] REN21. Renewables 2016 Global Status Report. [cited on 10 November 2016], Available
from: http://www.ren21.net/status-of-renewables/global-status-report/>.
[4] Azad AK, et al. Study on Australian energy policy, socio-economic, and environment
issues. J Renewable Sustainable Energy 2015;7(6).
[5] Azad AK, et al. Modelling of renewable energy economy in Australia. Energy Procedia
2014;61:1902–6.
[6] Chiaramonti D, et al. Sustainable bio kerosene: Process routes and industrial demonstra-
tion activities in aviation biofuels. Appl Energy 2014;136:767–74.
[7] EPA, US Environmental Protection Agency. Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Data.
[cited on 10 November’ 2016], Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/
global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data>.
[8] Demirbas A. Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel. Energy Policy 2007;35
(9):4661–70.