Page 30 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Introduction to sustainable and alternative ecofuels 7

Table 1.1 Biodiesel feedstocks from edible sources in the literature

Production yield
Seed (% wt.) (Liters/hectare)
Edible sources References
1. Palm oil 30.0–60.0 5950.0 [42]
2. Soybean oil 15.0–20.0 446.0 [43]
3. Canola oil 43.0 1200.0 [36]
4. Sunflower oil 45.0–55.0 952.0 [36]
5. Moringa oil 35.0–40.0 250.0 [42]
6. Mustard oil 30.0 - [44]
7. Peanut oil 45.0–55.0 1059.0 [43]
8. Olive oil 45.0–70.0 1212.0 [42]

Borage Crambe Tamanu

Fig. 1.6 Prospective nonedible feedstocks for ecofuel production.

Table 1.2 Biodiesel feedstocks from nonedible sources in the literature

Production yield
Seed (% Kernel (%
wt.) wt.)
Edible sources References
1. Karanja oil (Pongamia pinnata) 25 to 50 30 to 50 [51]
2. Beauty Leaf oil (Calophyllum 46.51 4 48.2 [52, 53]
inophyllum)
3. Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) 20 to 30 25–45 [54, 55]
4. Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) 20to60 40to60 [56, 57]
5. Coffee seed oil (Coffea arabica) 17 – [58, 59]
6. Jojoba oil (Simmondsia 45 to 55 50 to 60 [60, 61]
chinensis)
7. Moringa oil (Moringa oleifera) 35 – [62]
8. Tobacco oil (Nicotiana tabacum) 36 to 41 17 [63, 64]
9. Castor oil (Ricinus communis) 45 to 50 – [65]
10. Waste cooking oil 97.5 – [66]