Page 30 - Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies

CHAPTER

Solar Cells and Arrays:

Principles, Analysis, and 1

Design

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Abdelhalim Zekry , Ahmed Shaker , Marwa Salem 3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams
1
University, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of
2
Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Computer Engineering,
Computer College, Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4
1.1 General Photovoltaic System .................................................................... 4
1.2 The Solar Radiation................................................................................. 5
1.3 The Incident Solar Radiation “Insolation” ................................................. 6
2. Properties of Semiconductors for Solar Cells ........................................................... 8
2.1 The Energy Gap E g and Intrinsic Concentration n i ...................................... 9
2.2 Doping and Conductivity of the Material.................................................. 10
2.3 The Semiconductor Currents .................................................................. 11
2.4 Recombination Mechanisms and Minority Carrier Lifetime........................ 12
2.5 Optical Properties ................................................................................. 12
3. The Dark pen Junction Diode................................................................................ 15
3.1 Formation of a Field Region in a pen Junction ........................................ 15
3.2 The Ideal Dark IeV Characteristics of the pen Diode................................ 16
3.3 Real Dark Diode Characteristics.............................................................. 18
4. The Solar Cells .................................................................................................... 19
4.1 The PV Effect of a pen Solar Cell ........................................................... 20
4.2 The IeV Characteristics of the Solar Cell................................................. 21
4.3 The Conversion Efficiency of a Solar Cell................................................. 27
4.4 Measurement Results and Practical Considerations.................................. 29
4.5 Manufacturing Solar Cells...................................................................... 34
4.6 Testing the Solar Cell and Solar Panels ................................................... 34
5. The PV Arrays ...................................................................................................... 35
5.1 The IeV Characteristics of the Module .................................................... 36
5.2 The IeV Characteristics of Mismatched Cells in the Module...................... 38
5.3 Formation of Hot Spots.......................................................................... 39
5.4 Measurement Data and Practical Considerations ...................................... 41
5.5 The Solar Cell Array............................................................................... 42

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Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812959-3.00001-0
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