Page 12 - Air Pollution Control Engineering

Contents xi

3.3. Ductwork Purchase Cost..........................................................................120
3.4. Stack Purchase Cost ..................................................................................120
3.5. Damper Purchase Cost .............................................................................121
3.6. Calculation of Present and Future Costs...............................................121
3.7. Cost Estimation Examples .......................................................................122
4. Cyclones for Airborne Particulate Sampling ................................................125
4.1. Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere ...................................................125
4.2. General Correlation for Four Commercial Cyclones ..........................127
4.3. A Semiempirical Approach .....................................................................128
4.4. The “Cyclone Family” Approach ...........................................................135
4.5. PM 2.5 Samplers ............................................................................................136
4.6. Examples .....................................................................................................140
Nomenclature .....................................................................................................147
References ...........................................................................................................150

4 Electrostatic Precipitation
Chung-Shin J. Yuan and Thomas T. Shen.................................................153

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................153
2. Principles of Operation .....................................................................................154
2.1. Corona Discharge ......................................................................................157
2.2. Electrical Field Characteristics ................................................................158
2.3. Particle Charging .......................................................................................162
2.4. Particle Collection .....................................................................................165
3. Design Methodology and Considerations ....................................................171
3.1. Precipitator Size .........................................................................................173
3.2. Particulate Resistivity ...............................................................................176
3.3. Internal Configuration..............................................................................179
3.4. Electrode Systems......................................................................................181
3.5. Power Requirements .................................................................................181
3.6. Gas Flow Systems ......................................................................................184
3.7. Precipitator Housing.................................................................................184
3.8. Flue Gas Conditioning..............................................................................185
3.9. Removal of Collected Particles ...............................................................185
3.10.Instrumentation .........................................................................................187
4. Applications ........................................................................................................187
4.1. Electric Power Industry............................................................................187
4.2. Pulp and Paper Industry ..........................................................................188
4.3. Metallurgical Industry..............................................................................188
4.4. Cement Industry ........................................................................................188
4.5. Chemical Industry .....................................................................................188
4.6. Municipal Solid-Waste Incinerators ......................................................189
4.7. Petroleum Industry ...................................................................................189
4.8. Others ..........................................................................................................189
5. Problems and Corrections ................................................................................189
5.1. Fundamental Problems ............................................................................189
5.2. Mechanical Problems ................................................................................192
5.3. Operational Problems ...............................................................................192
5.4. Chemical Problems ...................................................................................192
6. Expected Future Developments ......................................................................193