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TYPES OF FUEL CELLS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED)

                QUALIFIED ELECTRICAL WORKING  STATUS EFFICIENCY  °C TEMPERATURE, POWER  Commercial/research 50–70%  Cell:  50–120  Nafion: 100 W to   30–50% System: 125–220  PBI:  kW  500  Research Unknown Unknown 1 kW to 10 MW  Commercial/research  55%  Cell: 150–200 Up to 10 MW  40% System:  90%  Cogen:  Commercial/research  55%  Cell: 600–650 100 MW  47% System:  Comm









                  ELECTROLYTE  Polymer membrane  (e.g., (ionomer)  Nafion or   Polybenzimidazole  Liquid electrolytes   with redox shuttle   and polymer   membrane (ionomer)  Molten phosphoric   acid (H 3 PO 4 )  Molten alkaline   carbonate (e.g.,   sodium bicarbonate,  NaHCO 3 )  O 2– -conducting   ceramic oxide (e.g.,  zirconium   dioxide, ZrO 2 )  H + -conducting  cer












           TABLE 7.1  FUEL CELL NAME  Proton-exchange-  membrane  fuel cell  RFC redox  Phosphoric acid  fuel cell  Molten carbonate  fuel cell  Tubular solid   oxide fuel cell  (TSOFC)  Protonic ceramic  fuel cell  Direct carbon   fuel cell  Planar solid oxide  fuel cell  Wikipedia.  Source:






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