Page 17 - Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

xviii List of symbols

Roman symbols
Symbol Variable name Unit measure
Proportion of world energy-related CO 2 emissions %
e E;w;CO 2
e E;w;% Proportion of world energy-related greenhouse gas emissions %

Void ratio at loading step i
e i
Deviatoric strain tensor
e ij
e 0 Initial void ratio
e Elastic change of void ratio
Δe
e Incremental change of elastic void ratio
de
Standard unit vectors in Cartesian coordinates
^ e x ; ^e y ; ^e z
Resonant frequency of wire at actual time Hz
F
Weighting factor for pores filled with air
F a
Correction factor indicating the effect of bearing stratum
F b
Forces given by the compressed concrete portion N
F c
Design value of axial load N
F c;d
Design value of a mechanical load acting on a single pile or a group of N
F d
piles
Run fraction of the GSHP during the design month
F h
Characteristic value of the considered action N
F k
Constant
F L
Applied normal force N
F n
Forces given by the traction steel cross section N
F r
Representative value of the considered action N
F rep
Weighting factor for soil particles
F s
F 0 Resonant frequency of wire at initial time Hz
Fourier number
Fo
Yield function Pa
f
Design value of compressive strength of concrete Pa
f cd
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete Pa
f ck
Characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete Pa
f ck;cube
Axial tensile strength of concrete Pa
f ct
Design value of axial tensile strength of concrete Pa
f ctd
Mean value of the tensile strength of the concrete after crack formation Pa
f ct;eff
f ctk;0:05 Characteristic (inferior) axial tensile strength Pa
Peak stress of concrete Pa
f cm
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete Pa
f ctm
Deviatoric yield limit
f dev
Darcy friction factor
f D
Isotropic yield surface
f iso

f l
Vector containing f iso and f dev
Tensile strength of steel Pa
f t
Compressive strength of steel Pa
f y
Design value of steel compressive strength Pa
f yd
Characteristic values of yield strength of steel Pa
f yk
Design value of yield strength of the shear reinforcement Pa
f ywd
Moody (or Darcy) friction factor
f M
0.2% proof-stress Pa
f 0:2k
Average stress acting on the compression zone Pa
f
Shear modulus Pa
G
Time-dependent part of the thermal resistance C/W
G f
Permanent load N
G k