Page 8 - Analytical Electrochemistry 2d Ed - Jospeh Wang

CONTENTS ix

References = 94
Examples = 96
Questions = 98

4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 100
4-1 Electrochemical Cells = 100
4-2 Solvents and Supporting Electrolytes = 102
4-3 Oxygen Removal = 103
4-4 Instrumentation = 104
4-5 Working Electrodes = 107
4-5.1 Mercury Electrodes = 108
4-5.2 Solid Electrodes = 110
4-5.2.1 Rotating Disk and Ring-Disk Electrodes = 111
4-5.2.2 Carbon Electrodes = 113
4-5.2.2.1 Glassy-Carbon Electrodes = 114
4-5.2.2.2 Carbon-Paste Electrodes = 115
4-5.2.2.3 Carbon-Fiber Electrodes = 115
4-5.2.3 Metal Electrodes = 117
4-5.3 Chemically Modi®ed Electrodes = 118
4-5.3.1 Self-Assembled Monolayers = 118
4-5.3.2 Sol-Gel Encapsulation of Reactive Species = 120
4-5.3.3 Electrocatalytic Modi®ed Electrodes = 121
4-5.3.4 Preconcentrating Electrodes = 121
4-5.3.5 Permselective Coatings = 123
4-5.3.6 Conducting Polymers = 124
4-5.4 Microelectrodes = 128
4-5.4.1 Diffusion at Microelectrodes = 129
4-5.4.2 Con®gurations of Microelectrodes = 130
4-5.4.3 Composite Electrodes = 131
References = 135
Examples = 138
Questions = 138

5 POTENTIOMETRY 140
5-1 Principles of Potentiometric Measurements = 140
5-2 Ion-Se1ective Electrodes = 147
5-2.1 Glass Electrodes = 147
5-2.1.1 pH Electrodes = 147