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08_200256_CH08/Bergren  4/10/03  4:39 PM  Page 209

                                        Input
                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient    DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP) 209
                                                                        X

                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                        X


                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                        X


                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                        X

                                                                                         +
                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                        X                   Output


                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                       X


                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                        X


                                Tap Register        Tap Coefficient
                                                                       X

                            FIGURE 8-11 FIR filter structure




                            response (within bounds) and then apply the techniques. In practice, most filters have
                            very specific functions and the following four filters are the most commonly used
                            designs. Figure 8-12 shows low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters:

                                Low-pass The low-pass filter is designed to eliminate frequencies above the fil-
                                 ter’s cutoff frequency. Primarily, the cutoff frequency and the cutoff attenuation
                                 characterize the filter. It is commonly used to eliminate high-frequency noise or
                                 as an antialias filter.
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