Page 317 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

310 Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

etc. In contact with land, the hard particles of dirt and sand that can cause microscopic
damage to the fibers may arrive on the fabric. As a result, dirty material is exposed to
faster aging during wear (McLaren et al., 2015).
The effects and properties of the material, such as strength, are deteriorating as a result
of wear. Such damage may occur in the wear and care process. In many cases, it is very
difficult to determine the exact cause of wear, but usually it depends on the occupation of
the wearer. It also depends on the length of the threads in the weave: the longer the
covers, the faster the fabric will wear, for example, the satin cloth will wear faster than
€
the twill fabric (Anthesis, 2015; Kaynak and Topalbekirog ˘lu, 2008; Ozdil et al., 2012).
Aging is attributable to all slow and irreversible changes in material properties aris-
ing from their instability or environmental effects. These changes may affect the
chemical structure, material composition or its physical properties. Factors contribut-
ing to the aging of the material: heat movement (exchange), oxygen, sunlight, water,
radiation, mechanical stress, biological environment, chemical agents. Material lon-
gevity is the time in which certain material quality has deteriorated to a certain
critical value.

11.5.3 Clothing care impacts
As the result of clothing care processes, for example, soaking, washing, dry cleaning,
or other activities, the shrinkage of textile materials may occur, when linear dimension
changes (usually shortening) is observed.
Clothing care (washing, bleaching, ironing, drying, chemical cleaning) and main-
tenance, such as the removal of ducking, are processes that allow long-lasting clothing
but contribute to the inevitable deterioration of the material. How well the consumer
understands the grooming label or respects it, and the frequency of washing has a sig-
nificant impact on the aging time of the garment. Nowadays, clothing is more depre-
ciated in the care process rather than wear, the former taking place by using
inappropriate grooming rules, excessive abrasive cleaners, and softeners (Anthesis,
2015; McLaren et al., 2015).
The system produces microscopic material damage, which is not immediately
noticeable as a shrinkage or loss of color each time when washing garments in a wash-
ing machine. The main cause of fabric wear is mechanical washing in centrifuge. Over
time, the tensile strength of the fabrics is not changed, each washing cycle reducing the
wear of the garment. Washing and spraying temperature affects the strength and linear
size of the material. The contracting of garments is largely encouraged by mechanical
washing/drying in centrifuge (ISO 13937-2:2000, 2000).

11.6 Test of PPE conformity

Whether a new uniform for inclusion in the PPE or an improved existing uniform is
developed, it is necessary to test its samples for compliance with the task to be carried
out and, if necessary, to make improvements. To search functionality and the physical
comfort of end-users and the ability to perform tasks in uniform a survey is needed.