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Abnormal pore pressure mechanisms 237

mud (ppg)
Equivalent weight 8.335 8.50 8.63 8.41 8.67 8.75 8.92 10.0

(psi/ft)

Pressure gradient 0.433 0.442 0.448 0.437 0.450 0.455 0.463 0.520

conditions). (kPa/m) Paris.

standard Pressure gradient 9.81 10.0 10.18 9.91 10.2 10.3 10.5 11.77 TECHNIP,

20 C, Editions

(at density Drilling.
variations Water (g/cm 3 ) 1.00 1.02 1.035 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.07 1.20 while

gradient NaCl Pressures Abnormal

pressure Salinity: (mg/L) 0e2500 30,000 e 16,500 60,000 80,000 100,000 317,900 1989.

and Cl A.,
density, Salinity: (mg/L) 0e1500 18,000 33,000 10,000 36,000 48,000 60,000 192,667 Mitchell,

salinity, J.C.,

Water water water water water saltwater Mouchet,

7.1 type water water water Formation Formation Formation Formation from
Table Water Fresh Sea Sea Saturated Modified