Page 21 - Applied statistics and probability for engineers

Contents xvii

13-2.4 Residual Analysis and Model 15-5 Process Capability 692
Checking 551 15-6 Attribute Control Charts 697
13-2.5 Determining Sample Size 553 15-6.1 P Chart (Control Chart for
13-3 The Random-Effects Model 559 Proportions) 697
13-3.1 Fixed Versus Random Factors 559 15-6.2 U Chart (Control Chart for Defects per
13-3.2 ANOVA and Variance Components 560 Unit) 699
13-4 Randomized Complete Block Design 565 15-7 Control Chart Performance 704
13-4.1 Design and Statistical Analysis 565 15-8 Time-Weighted Charts 708
13-4.2 Multiple Comparisons 570 15-8.1 Cumulative Sum Control Chart 709
13-4.3 Residual Analysis and Model 15-8.2 Exponentially Weighted Moving-
Checking 571 Average Control Chart 714
15-9 Other SPC Problem-Solving Tools 722
Chapter 14 Design of Experiments with Several
15-10 Decision Theory 723
Factors 575
15-10.1 Decision Models 723
14-1 Introduction 576 15-10.2 Decision Criteria 724
14-2 Factorial Experiments 578 15-11 Implementing SPC 726
14-3 Two-Factor Factorial Experiments 582
Appendix A. Statistical Tables and Charts 737
14-3.1 Statistical Analysis of the Fixed-Effects
Model 582 Table I Summary of Common Probability
14-3.2 Model Adequacy Checking 587 Distributions 738
14-3.3 One Observation per Cell 588 Table II Cumulative Binomial Probabilities
(
14-4 General Factorial Experiments 591 P X ≤ x) 739
k
14-5 2 Factorial Designs 594 Table III Cumulative Standard Normal
2
14-5.1 2 Design 594 Distribution 742
2
k
14-5.2 2 Design for k≥3 Factors 600 Table IV Percentage Points χ α,v of the Chi-Squared
k
14-5.3 Single Replicate of the 2 Design 607 Distribution 744
14-5.4 Addition of Center Points to Table V Percentage Points t α, of the t
v
k
a 2 Design 611 Distribution 745
k
14-6 Blocking and Confounding in the 2 Table VI Percentage Points f α, 1 , of the F
v v 2
Design 619 Distribution 746
k
14-7 Fractional Replication of the 2 Design 626 Chart VII Operating Characteristic Curves 751
14-7.1 One-Half Fraction of the Table VIII Critical Values for the Sign Test 760
k
2 Design 626 Table IX Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
k–p
14-7.2 Smaller Fractions: The 2 Fractional Test 760
Factorial 632 Table X Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum
14-8 Response Surface Methods and Designs 643 Test 761
Table XI Factors for Constructing Variables Control
Chapter 15 Statistical Quality Control 663
Charts 762
15-1 Quality Improvement and Statistics 664 Table XII Factors for Tolerance Intervals 762
15-1.1 Statistical Quality Control 665 Appendix B: Bibliography 765
15-1.2 Statistical Process Control 666
15-2 Introduction to Control Charts 666
Appendix C: Answers to Selected Exercises 769
15-2.1 Basic Principles 666
15-2.2 Design of a Control Chart 670 Glossary 787
15-2.3 Rational Subgroups 671
15-2.4 Analysis of Patterns on Control Charts
Index 803
672
–
15-3 X and R or S Control Charts 674 Index of applications in examples and
15-4 Control Charts for Individual exercises, continued 809
Measurements 684