Page 7 - Applied Statistics Using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R

viii Contents

2.3.4 Measures of Association for Continuous Variables.....................66
2.3.5 Measures of Association for Ordinal Variables...........................69
2.3.6 Measures of Association for Nominal Variables.........................73
Exercises.................................................................................................................77

3 Estimating Data Parameters 81

3.1 Point Estimation and Interval Estimation..................................................81
3.2 Estimating a Mean ....................................................................................85
3.3 Estimating a Proportion ............................................................................92
3.4 Estimating a Variance...............................................................................95
3.5 Estimating a Variance Ratio......................................................................97
3.6 Bootstrap Estimation.................................................................................99
Exercises...............................................................................................................107

4 Parametric Tests of Hypotheses 111

4.1 Hypothesis Test Procedure......................................................................111
4.2 Test Errors and Test Power.....................................................................115
4.3 Inference on One Population...................................................................121
4.3.1 Testing a Mean ..........................................................................121
4.3.2 Testing a Variance.....................................................................125
4.4 Inference on Two Populations ................................................................126
4.4.1 Testing a Correlation .................................................................126
4.4.2 Comparing Two Variances........................................................129
4.4.3 Comparing Two Means .............................................................132
4.5 Inference on More than Two Populations..............................................141
4.5.1 Introduction to the Analysis of Variance...................................141
4.5.2 One-Way ANOVA ....................................................................143
4.5.3 Two-Way ANOVA ...................................................................156
Exercises...............................................................................................................166

5 Non-Parametric Tests of Hypotheses 171
5.1 Inference on One Population...................................................................172
5.1.1 The Runs Test............................................................................172
5.1.2 The Binomial Test.....................................................................174
5.1.3 The Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test .......................................179
5.1.4 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test ......................183
5.1.5 The Lilliefors Test for Normality ..............................................187
5.1.6 The Shapiro-Wilk Test for Normality .......................................187
5.2 Contingency Tables.................................................................................189
5.2.1 The 2×2 Contingency Table ......................................................189
5.2.2 The rxc Contingency Table.......................................................193