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CHAPTER 5

Policy Issues Regarding

Implementations of Cyber Attack:

Resilience Solutions for Cyber

Physical Systems

Barry M. Horowitz
Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States

5.1 INTRODUCTION: CONTEXT

A resilient cyber physical system is one that maintains state awareness and an
accepted level of operational normalcy in response to disturbances, includ-
ing threats of an unexpected and malicious nature (Rieger, Gertman, &
McQueen, 2009). Responding to cyber attacks against cyber-physical sys-
tems such as automated vehicles, weapon systems, and manufacturing sys-
tems requires addressing cyber-attack risks that can potentially include
consequences such as injuries or death. The amplified severity of these con-
sequences compared with those of information-system cyber attacks neces-
sitates new policy considerations related to cybersecurity. However, as was
the case for the integration of information systems through the Internet,
unless special attention is paid to this matter early on, security will likely
be dominated by responses to actual attacks, rather than anticipatory solu-
tions designed to reduce the risks.
Over the past 7 years the author has been leading a technology-focused
research effort that addresses cyber-attack resilience for physical systems
( Jones, Luckett, Beling, & Horowitz, 2013; Horowtiz & Pierce, 2013;
Bayuk & Horowitz, 2011; Gay, Horowitz, Bobko, Elshaw, & Kim,
2017; Babineau, Jones, & Horowitz, 2012; Jones, Nguyen, & Horowitz,
2011; Horowitz, 2016; Horowitz & Scott Lucero, 2017). Unlike cyber-
attack defense solutions, resilience solutions involve monitoring to detect
successful cyber attacks and support for rapid reconfiguration of the
attacked system for continued operation with contained consequences.

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