Page 232 - Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Everything

Accessing Validity of Argumentation of Agents of the Internet of Everything 213

are associated with autonomy and trust such as the trust of autonomous
machines in human behavior or the trust of humans in autonomous machine
behavior. Proper claim validation enables the handling of threats to auton-
omy and trust (cyber attacks, competitive threats, deception) and the fun-
damental barriers to system survivability (Russell, Moskowitz, &
Raglin, 2017; Sibley, Coyne, & Sherwood, 2017). Validation and verifi-
cation play important roles in autonomous systems. Analytic validation and
verification techniques, and model checking can assist with the design of
autonomous IoT control agents in an efficient and reliable manner. This
can mean earlier identification of false claims in messages and the detection
of other errors.
An important finding of this study is that argumentation structure can be
discovered via the features of extended discourse representation, combining
information on how an author organizes his/her thoughts with information
on how involved agents communicate these thoughts. Once a CDT is
formed and identified as being correlated to argumentation, a defeasible
logic program can be built from this tree and the dialectical analysis can val-
idate the main claim.
Although validating agents’ messages, affective argument should not be
confused with an appeal to emotion, a logical fallacy characterized by the
manipulation of the recipient’s emotions in order to win an argument, espe-
cially in the absence of factual evidence. This kind of appeal to emotion is a
type of red herring and encompasses several logical fallacies.

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