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48 Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Everything

Fig. 3.1 Networked teams of intelligent things and humans will operate in an extremely
complex, challenging environment that is unstructured, unstable, rapidly changing,
chaotic, rubble-filled, adversarial, and deceptive useful.

robots. These will reside within various computers and networks, and will
move and act in cyberspace. Just like physical robots, cyber robots will be
employed in a wide range of roles. Some will protect communications and
information (Stytz, Lichtblau, & Banks, 2005) or will fact-check, filter, and
fuse information for cyber situational awareness (Kott, Wang, & Erbacher,
2014). Others will defend electronic devices from the effects of electronic
warfare using actions such as the creation of informational or electromagnetic
deceptions or camouflage. Yetotherswill actas situationanalysts and decision
advisers to humans or physical robots. In addition to these defensive or advi-
sory roles, cyber robots might also take on more assertive functions, such as
executing cyber actions against enemy systems (Fig. 3.2).
In order to be effective in performing these functions, battle things
will have to collaborate with each other, and also with human warfighters.
This collaboration will require a significant degree of autonomous
self-organization and acceptance of a variety of relations between things
and humans (e.g., from complete autonomy of an unattended ground sensor
to the tight control of certain other systems), and these modes will have to
change as needed. Priorities, objectives, and rules of engagement will change
rapidly, and intelligent things will have to adjust accordingly (Kott, Swami,
& West, 2016).