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References    291




                  how the momentum is building up to support the alternative views. In summary,
                  we should pay attention to (1) meaning, and how it can be recovered through action,
                  (2) prediction as a central function of the brain and artificial intelligence agents, and
                  (3) question-asking (or problem-posing) as an important requirement for robust
                  artificial intelligence, and the need to understand question-asking mechanisms in
                  brain science.



                  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

                  I would like to thank Asim Roy and Robert Kozma, who, together with myself, chaired a panel
                  discussion on “Cutting Edge Neural Networks Research” at the 30th anniversary International
                  Joint Conference on Neural Networks in Anchorage, Alaska, where I had the opportunity to
                  refine many of my previous ideas, especially on meaning versus information. I would also like
                  to thank the panelists Peter Erdi, Alex Graves, Henry Markram, Leonid Perlovsky, Jose Prin-
                  cipe, and Hava Siegelmann, and those in the audience who participated in the discussion. The
                  full transcript of the panel discussion is available at https://goo.gl/297j1d. Finally, I would like
                  to thank my current and former students who helped develop and test the ideas in this chapter.




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