Page 273 - Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS)

258 AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS

JPEG—Joint photographic experts group. A compression file format with the
“.jpg” file extension. Most JPEG images use lossy compression.
LATENT COGNIZANT DATABASE—Fingerprint features records of all ten
fingers of a subset of criminals in the tenprint database. Used for matching
latent fingerprint submissions, which may be partial fingerprints.
LATENT FINGERPRINT—A fingerprint impression left at a crime scene by
touching, holding, or moving an object that has a firm surface. Typically,
several latent fingerprints are overlaid and/or only portions of the print are
available.
LATENT FINGERPRINT SUBMISSION—A submission to the FBI or other
agency that contains a latent fingerprint search request accompanied by the
latent fingerprint information, which can be a piece of evidence or a high-
quality photograph of the latent print. This type of submission can be elec-
tronic or hard copy.
LATENT LIFT—A reproduction of the friction ridge detail of a latent
print.
LATENT SEARCH—A comparison of the fingerprint features extracted from
a latent fingerprint with the fingerprint features contained in a fingerprint
features file to determine whether a latent fingerprint has a potential mate
on file within the AFIS repository. This may involve searching a latent cog-
nizant repository, which contains prints of known subjects. It may also involve
searching an unsolved latent repository, which contains fingerprint images
of unknown subjects collected from evidence.
LATENT SPECIALIST—An FBI or other law enforcement agency employee
who performs latent processing.
LATENT SUBMISSION—Normally, one image and associated descriptor data
received by latent processing services; may be part of a case.
LEO—Law Enforcement Online. National interactive communications system
maintained by the FBI exclusively for law enforcement.
LIGHTS OUT—AFIS searches without any human intervention at verification.
LIVESCAN—An electronic method of taking and transmitting fingerprints
without using ink that produces fingerprint impressions of high quality to
perform identification processing.
LIVESCANNER—An electro-optical scanning device used to capture a live
fingerprint ridge detail by converting it to a digital representation for the
detection of minutiae-based data and other usages such as producing an
image.
LIVESCAN PRINT—A fingerprint image that is produced by scanning a live
finger and printing out an image of the friction ridges.
LOCAL MODE—Process by which a workstation can perform some function
independent of AFIS. Function may be limited to acquisition of new records.