Page 268 - Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS)

APPENDIX A: GLOSSAR Y 253

CANDIDATE—A master file record selected as a possible match to a current
minutiae record, which results from either an automated name search or an
automated technical (AFIS) search.
CANDIDATE LIST—The list of potential mates listed in descending order
of their matching scores as determined by the matching process within the
fingerprint minutiae matcher. A candidate list can also be produced by
Interstate Identification Index (III) automated subject search.
CARD SCAN—An electronic scanning method of transmitting inked finger-
print impressions that meets local standards and the FBI’s image quality spec-
ifications. Card scan images are suitable for store and forward processing.
May also be referred to as a flat-bed scan. For transmission to the FBI, such
scanners must have FBI certification with at least Appendix G.
CCD—Charged-coupled device. An electronic chip capture device used in
optical recording devices to convert light into electrical current. AFIS appli-
cations include digital camera, card scan, livescan, and other imaging equip-
ment that captures fingerprint images on a chip.
CCH—Computerized Case History or Computerized Criminal History. Online
case history information management system that lists all the criminal and
non-criminal events that the identification agency is authorized to release to
an inquiring agency. It is also referred to as the rap sheet.
CJIS—Criminal Justice Information Services Division of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation.
CLPE—Certified latent print examiner. A latent print examiner certified by the
Latent Print Certification Board of the International Associate for Identifi-
cation. Qualifications include education and experience, endorsement, and
passing an examination. The examination consists of a written test, pattern
recognition, comparison of latent prints to inked prints, and either an oral
board testing or presentation of a case for review.
CODER—Term for hardware, software, or both used to detect minutiae in a
finger image.
CODIS—Combined DNA Index System. Consists of three hierarchical tiers of
the DNA Index System: local (LDIS), state (SDIS), and national (NDIS). The
FBI serves as the connection for NDIS and links participating agencies.
COMPARISON—The process of evaluating fingerprint images to be classified
and/or identified for proper identification per user request.
COMPRESSION, LOSSLESS—Compression in which no image data is lost and
the image can be restored to its original form.
COMPRESSION, LOSSY—Compression in which image data is lost and the
image cannot be restored to its original form.
COMPRESSION RATIO—Ratio of original file size as compared to the com-
pressed file size. For AFIS, a 15:1 ratio is most often used.