Page 269 - Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS)

254 AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS

CONSOLIDATION—The merger of two or more records that are filed under
more than one FBI number when it is determined that all pertain to one
subject.
CORE—Usually a well-defined center or focal point of a finger image.
CTA—Control Terminal Agency. A state or territorial criminal justice agency
on the NCIC system that provides statewide or equivalent service to its crim-
inal justice users regarding NCIC data. There is only one CTA per state or
territory. Operates under the supervision of a Terminal Agency Coordinator
(TAC).
DATABASE—A collection of data, of a particular type, organized for efficient
storage and retrieval (e.g., fingerprint minutiae data, fingerprint image data,
and mug shot image data).
DELTA—That point on a ridge of a fingerprint image at or nearest to the point
of divergence of two type lines, and located at or directly in front of the point
of divergence.
DIRS—Digital Image Retrieval System. An AFIS subsystem that contains the
electronic fingerprint images.
DMS—Data Management System.
DNA—Deoxyribonucleic acid.
DOWN SAMPLING—Process of representing an image with a smaller number
of samples. May also be referred to as subsampling.
ELECTRONIC FINGERPRINT TRANSMISSION SPECIFICATION (EFTS)—
An FBI-published standard for electronically encoding and transmitting
fingerprint images and identification and arrest data between federal, state,
local users, and the FBI that specifies file, record content, format, and data
codes.
ELECTRONIC TENPRINT SUBMISSION—An electronic submission that orig-
inates at a livescan booking terminal or card scanner at the federal, state, or
local level and transmitted via the Criminal Justice Information Services
(CJIS) wide area network (WAN) to IAFIS for processing. This type of elec-
tronic transaction contains fingerprint images and personal descriptor data.
Processing of the transaction, including image comparison and effecting the
ident/non-ident decision, is performed by FBI personnel.
ELIMINATION FINGERPRINTS—Fingerprint images taken from persons with
legitimate access to evidence under examination for latent fingerprints.
ENCODING—AFIS process used to record minutiae.
EURODAC—AFIS formed by the European Union to track asylum seekers who
applied for benefits.
EXPUNGEMENT—The process of either fully or partially purging data from a
subject’s record in the subject criminal history file. It results in the removal
of all charges associated with the arrest covered by expungement while retain-