Page 184 - Basic English Usage

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Somebody has shot the manager. The manager is dead.

FINISHED ACTION RESULT NOW

Other examples:

Have you read the Bible? ————» Do you know the Bible?
Mary has had a baby. ————-» Baby.
I’ve broken my leg. ——————— =| can't walk.
Utopia has invaded Fantasia. ————-+» War.
FINISHED ACTION RESULT NOW

We often use the present perfect to give news.
And here are the main points of the news again. The pound has fallen
against the dollar. The Prime Minister has said that the government's
economic policies are working. The number of unemployed has
reached five million. There has been a fire .. .

Finished actions: time up to now
We often use the present perfect to ask if something has ever
happened; to say that it has happened before; or that it has never
happened; or not since a certain date; or not fora certain period; to ask
if it has happened yet or to say that it has happened already.
Have you ever seen a ghost?
oN. /N— iN

S7EVER|°°) EVER] *) EVER (°°) EVER/°?) EVER|°° EVER? > NOW

“4h f , f 1 f 1 r t e
I’ve never seen a ghost.
NEVER| 08) NEVER] XINEVER| ¥g{ NEVER NINEVER|X) > NOW

“ LN
i'm sure we've met before. _ We haven’t had a holiday for ages.
| haven’t seen Peter since Christmas.
‘Has Ann come yet?’ ‘Yes, she has already arrived.