Page 75 - Basic English Usage

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We do not usually write the two clauses separately, with a full stop (.)
between them.
it was late when | got home. (NOT #twastate-When-+getheme}
But we can sometimes separate the two clauses in order to emphasize
the second, especially with and, but, so, because and although.
James hated Mondays. And this Monday was worse than usual.
And we separate clauses in conversation (when two different people
say them).
s
‘John late.’ ‘Because he was doing your shopping.
One conjunction is enough to join two clauses. Don't use two.
Although she was tired, she went to work.
She was tired, but she went to work.
(NOT Aithougt she-was-tired_but-she-wentto-wort-)
Because | liked him, | tried to help him.
[liked him, so | tried to help him.
(NOT Beeause Hiked him_se-Hried hint)
te
help
As you know, | work very hard.
You know that! work very hard.
(NOT As-+youknow_that-Hrercvery hard.)
—
Relative pronouns (who, which and that see 277) join clauses like
conjunctions.
There's the gitl who works with my sister.
A relative pronoun is the subject or object of the verb that comes after
it. So we do not need another subject or object.
['ve got a friend who works in a pub. (NOT ... whe-hewerks ...)
The man (that) she married was an old friend of mine.
(NOT Fhe-mar-(that} she-marredthin ...)
She always says thank-you for the money (that) | give her.
(NOT .

90 contractions

Sometimes we make two words into one: for example
I've /aiv/ ( = | have), don’t /daunt/ ( = do not).
These forms are cailed ‘contractions’. There are two kinds:

| pronoun + auxiliary verb | | auxiliary verb + not |

I've you'll he'd aren't isn't hadn't
we're they've it's don't won't ( = will not)
The forms ‘ve, ‘//, ‘d, and ‘re are only written after pronouns, but we write
's ( = is/has) after nouns and question-words as well.
My father’s a gardener. | Where’s the toilet?