Page 9 - Basic physical chemistry for the atmospheric sciences

C o n tents

Preface IX

Chemical equilibrium
1
1 . 1 Some introductory concepts 1
1.2 Equilibrium constants 3
1 . 3 Reaction quotient 8
1.4 LeChatelier's principle 10
Exercises 11

2 Chemical thermodynamics 17
2.1 The first law of thermodynamics ; enthalpy 17
2.2 E n thalpies of reaction and formation 21
2.3 Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics 22
2 . 4 The third law o f thermodynamics; absolute entropies 26
2.5 Criteria for equilibrium and spontaneous transformation 27
2.6 Standard free energy changes 30
2. 7 Free energy change and the equilibrium constant 31
2.8 Chemical potential; homogeneous nucleation of
water-vapor condensation 34
Exercises 38

3 Chemical kinetics 43
3. 1 Reaction rates 43
.
3 2 Reaction mechanisms 46
3.3 Reaction rates and equilibria 50
3.4 Collision theory of gaseous reactions 52
3.5 The effect of temperature on reaction rates :
the Arrhenius' relation 56

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