Page 103 - Battery Reference Book

Table 2.1 1 Rechargeable battery systems-basic parameters
B
2
Nickel-cadmium Lead-acid Nickel-zinc Silver-zinc Silver-cadmium *
Sealed Vented Storage Sealed 3
v1
Cathodc nickel nickel lead dioxide lead dioxide nickel silver oxidc silver oxide E
(D
hydroxide hydroxide oxyhydroxide _.
0,
2
Anode cadmium cadmium lead-antimony lead-calcium zinc zinc cadmium
Electrolyte potassium potassium sulphuric acid sulphuric acid potassium potassium potassium
hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide
Opcn-circuit
voltage (V) 1.35 1.35 2.10 2.10 1.71 1.86 1.40
Energy density
(W Wkg) 26-37 26-44 15-26 22-33 33-77 55-220 24-120
Energy density
(W h/dm3) 61-85 61-91 31-122 49-83 67-134 80-610 37-250
Max. discharge rate 15C 5oc 20c 20c IOC 5oc 1 oc
Average discharge 1.20 1.22 1 .so 1.90 1.60 1.50 1.10
voltage (V) (1 h rate) (1 h rate) (I h rate) (2 h rate) ( 1 h rate) (1 h rate) (I h rate)
Normal operating
teinperature ("C) -40 to +60 -51 to +60 -54 to +54 -51 to +71 -48 to +71 -48 10 +71 -48 to +71
Normal storage
temperahxe ("C) -51 to +71 -51 to +74 0 to 21 0 to 21 -48 to +38 -48 10 +38 -48 to +38
Charging method constant const. current taper current taper current const. current const. current const. current
current const. voltage const. voltage const. voltage const. voltage const. voltage
Charge and retention
(50% cap. 27°C) 60 days 1 year 90 days 1.5 years 1 year 1 year 2 years
Cycle life 100-1500 100-3000 10-600 100-150 100-200 10-200 100-500
Initial cost high high low low high high high