Page 180 - Battery Reference Book

9/20 Lithium batteries

Table 9.18 Comparison of lithium-iron disulphide and alkaline manganese dioxide cells
Lithium-iron disulphide Alkaline manganese dioxide
~~
Open circuit volts (V) 1.9 1.5
Volts under load (V) 1.5 at C/100 rate Variable start near 1.5
Discharge voltage profile Flat at medium drain Sloping
Gravimetric energy density (W h kg-') 240 at C/100 rate 9-20
Volumetric energy density (W hdm-3) 550 at C/100 rate 150-220
Gravimetric power density (Wkg-') 32 523
Volumetric power density (W dm-3) 13 557
Storage temperature ("C) -40 to 60 -40 to 50
Operation temperature (" C) -20 to 50 -30 to 55
Self discharge rate 12% p/a 13% p/a (20°C)

Table 9.19 Characteristics of lithium-iron disulphide cells
Open Volts Discharge Gravimetric Volumetric Gravimetric
circuit under voltage energy energy power
volts load profile density density density
(V) (V) (W h kg-l) (W h dmP3) wkg-9
1.9 1.5 at C/100 rate Flat at medium 240 at C/100 rate 550 at WOO rate 32
drain

Volumetric Storage Operation Self Cycle Calendar Types
power temperature temperature discharge life life available
density (" C) ("C) rate
(~cm-~)
13 -40 to 60 -20 to 50 420% p/a AA available

The discharge characteristics of the Eveready No. 9.15 Lithium-silver-vanadium
803 (R44 size) button lithium-iron disulphide primary pentoxide batteries
cell on a 30'2 load corresponding to 50pA drain
shows a running voltage starting at 1.7V reducing This is a development battery and is a modification of
to 1.6V half way through its discharge life. On the the lithium-vanadium pentoxide battery. It discharges
heavier drain of 230~A (6.5kQ load) the running at a range of voltages between 3.2 and 2.6V. It has
voltage is 1.5 V and the step in the voltage curve is not a good volumetric energy density (870 W h/dm-3) and
perceptible. The capacity obtained is around 180 mA h rate capability, and good current pulsing behaviour.
to a 1 .O V level point. The shelf life is excellent as are safety characteristics.
This performance compares favourably to that of Possible applications for this cell are cardiac defib-
a monovalent silver oxide cell which delivers around rillators and drug delivery systems.
130 mA h. However. the latter type of cell will deliver
much higher currents and the load voltage is substan-
tially independent of the current drain over a wide
range of discharge rates.