Page 449 - Battery Reference Book

43/8 Electric vehicle secondary batteries

is constructing a production module capable of man- tric vehicles energy densities of 50 W h/kg-' plus are
ufacturing 5000 sodium-sulphur cells per week to use being achieved and a range of 200km on a single
in customer field trials. charge is possible. Charge-discharge cyclic times of
Yuasa have constructed a 400 kWh battery intended 1000-20 000 cycles have been achieved.
for stationary application testing. Argonne National
Laboratory, US have published projected ranges and 43.2.10 Nickel-metal hydride batteries
speeds for different simulated driving profiles cornpar-
ing sodium-sulphur batteries with lead-acid and nickel- This type of battery is under evaluation for electric
iron (Table 43.3). vehicle applications. An energy density of 70 W hikg-'
has been achieved and a charge-discharge cycle life
Table 43.3 Projected ranges for simulated driving profiles exceeding 1000 cycles.
Driving projle 43.2.11 Sodium-nickel chloride batteries
Schedule SFUDS79 J227aD J227aC
Vehicle IDSEP 1ETV-1 G-Vm This battery is in the pilot plant production stage as
Average speed (mph) 19 28 15 a possible battery for passenger electric vehicles and
Battery range (miles) buses. Over 1000 charge-discharge cycles and a prac-
NaS 148 182 - tical energy density of 100 W h/kg-l (160 wh/d~~-~)
NaFe 75 98 93 have been achieved in the Eagle Picher battery. The
Lead acid 47 54 65
battery operates at elevated temperatures (ZOO-300°C)
and is equipped with insulation to reduce heat losses,
heaters to bring the battery to operating temperature
Sodium sulphur batteries have also been used in and a cooling system to cool the battery on high rate
aerospace applications and load levelling in utilities. discharge.

43.2.8 Zinc-air battery 43.2.12 Iron-air batteries
This battery is currently under development by three Matsushita Battery Industry Co. (Japan) and the
companies, CGE (France), AER Energy Resources Inc. Swedish National Development Co. are developing
(US) and Electric Fuel Ltd (Israel), who are achieving iron-air batteries for electric vehicle applications. To
energy densities in the range of 90-200 Wh/kg-'. date an energy density of 8OWh/kg-l at the CI5
rate has been achieved. Two hundred cycles at 60%
43.2.9 Iron-nickel battery depth of discharge is possible. The Swedish National
Development Co. are developing at 30 kW h battery.
This type of battery is now being developed for motive Westinghouse (US) and Siemens (Germany) are also
power applications including industrial trucks, trac- active in the development of this type of battery.
tors, mine locomotives and electric vehicles. On elec-