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                                                                  Indicators

              likely that they gain new citations, it seems that the m-quotient might
              disfavor older scientists. Yet, this has not been tested on a large scale.


              7.4.4 Year-Based h-indices
              In (Mahbuba & Rousseau, 2013, 2016) three groups of year-based
              h-indices were introduced. The first group of year-based h-type indices is
              defined as follows. We consider a scientist and all their articles published
              over some period of time (this can be their complete career). For each
              year we consider the number of publications, the total number of cita-
              tions received by these publications during a given period (the citation
              window), and the average number of citations per year, leading to three
              variations of year-based h-indices. This citation window may be a fixed
              period or all years since publication.

              Case 1: Publications and publication years: the career years h-index by publications
                 For each year we collect the number of publications of interest, e.g.,
              by restricting to a certain database, a certain type of publications, a certain
              topic or some collaborations in terms of colleagues, institutions or coun-
              tries. Then years are arranged in descending order of publications. This
              yields a typical h-type list. The career years publication h-index is then
              defined as the highest rank such that during the first h years (first in the
              list, not chronologically) at least h publications were written. A fictitious
              example is shown in Table 7.4.


              Table 7.4 An author’s career years h-index by publications


                             Rank   Publication    Number of
                                       Year       publications
                               1       2009           15
                               2       2012           11
                               3       2011            7
                               4       2013            7
                               5       2014            6
                               6       2010            5
                               7       2008            3
                               8       2006            3
                               9       2007            0
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