Page 237 - Berkshire Encyclopedia Of World History Vol Two

586 berkshire encyclopedia of world history

of coordination between the various levels of adminis- Israel, J. I. (1995). The Dutch Republic: Its rise, greatness, and fall, 1477–
tration, and increasing corruption among V.O.C. officials 1806. New York: Oxford University Press.
Landwehr, J. (1991). VOC: A bibliography of publications relating to the
in Asia. More recently, however, scholars have stressed Dutch East India Company 1602–1800. Utrecht, Netherlands: HES
changing consumption patterns for Asian products in Publishers.
Meilink-Roelofsz, M. A. P., Raben, R., & Spijkerman, H. (Eds.). (1992).
Europe, declining profits from inter-Asiatic trade partly
De archieven van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, 1602–1795
related to the decline of the Mughals (after 1707), the fall (The archives of the Dutch East India Company, 1602–1795). The
of the Safavids (1722), the increasingly restrictive policies Hague, Netherlands: SDU Uitgeverij.
Nachod, O. (1987). Die Beziehungen der Niederländischen Ostindischen
of Tokugawa Japan after 1685, and the disruptions Kompagnie zu Japan im siebzehnten Jahrhundert [The revelations of
caused by the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784). the Dutch East India Company with Japan in the seventeenth century].
Leipzig, Germany: R. Friese.
Similar to the English East India Company some fifty
Prakash, O. (1998). European commercial enterprise in pre-colonial India
years later, the V.O.C. fell victim to the ongoing processes (Vol. 2, Part 5, The New Cambridge History of India). Cambridge, UK:
of territorialization, especially on Ceylon and Java, and Cambridge University Press.
subsequent rising administrative overhead costs, along
with the growing competition of British country traders.
In the nineteenth century merchant capitalism and char-
tered companies were superseded by the overseas pro- Dutch Empire
jection of industrial capitalism and the nation-state.
oward the end of the sixteenth century, Dutch ships
Markus P.M.Vink
Tstarted to explore the waters beyond Europe.
See also Dutch Empire Because of their rebellion against their Habsburg rulers,
the Dutch no longer were able to operate as traders in the
Portuguese and Spanish overseas empires or obtain non-
Further Reading
European products in the Habsburg-controlled Iberian
Boxer, C. R. (1965). The Dutch seaborne empire 1600–1800. London:
Hutchinson. ports. In order to reduce the risks of conducting trade in
Bruijn, J. R., Gaastra, F. S., & Schöffer, I. (Eds.). (1979–1987). Dutch- Asia, the United East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-
Asiatic shipping in the 17th and 18th centuries (3 vols.). Rijks
Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie 165, 166, and 167. The Indische Compagnie or VOC) was founded in 1602.
Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
De Vries, J. (2003). Connecting Europe and Asia: A quantitative analy- The United East India
sis of the Cape-route trade, 1497–1795. In D. O. Flynn, A. Giraldéz,
and R. von Glahn (Eds.), Global connections and monetary history, Company (VOC)
1470–1800 . Burlington,VT: Ashgate. It was the first commercial venture in the world financed
De Vries, J., & Van der Woude, A. M. (1997). The first modern economy:
Success, failure, and perseverance of the Dutch economy, 1500–1815. by anonymous shareholders with the aim of conducting
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. business over a lengthy period of time, not just financing
Gaastra, F. S. (1976). Geld tegen goederen: Een strukturele verandering one trip or conducting business for one year.Within six
in het Nederlands-Aziatisch handelsverkeer [Money against goods: A
structural change in Dutch-Asian trade]. Bijdragen en mededelingen months about 6 million guilders were collected. The
der Nederlanden, 91, 249–272. company was made up of six local chambers, and accord-
Gaastra, F. S. (1983).The exports of precious metal from Europe to Asia
by the Dutch East India Company, 1602–1795. In J. F. Richards ing to its share in the capital outlay, each chamber was
(Ed.), Precious metals in the later medieval and early modern worlds allowed to send representatives to the seventeen-member
(pp. 447–475). Durham, NC: Duke University Press. board of directors. The company received a monopoly
Gaastra, F. S. (2003). The Dutch East India Company: Expansion and
decline. Zutphen, Netherlands: Walburg Pers. from the government for trade and the right to declare
Glamann, K. (1981). Dutch–Asiatic Trade, 1620–1740 (2nd ed.). The war and conclude treaties with individuals and states in
Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
Israel, J. I. (1989). Dutch primacy in world trade, 1585–1740. Oxford, the whole of Asia.
UK: Oxford University Press. During the first two decades of its existence, the VOC