Page 86 - Encyclopedia Of World History Vol V

trading patterns, eastern european 1863

That’s the public school [that is, British private school]
system all over. They may kick you out, but they never
let you down. • Evelyn Waugh (1903–1966)

atives of the Cold War weakened and estimates of com- Boardman, J., Edwards, I.E.S., Hammond, N.G.L. and Sollberger, E.
parative trade advantage strengthened, the mutual export (Eds). (1982). The Cambridge ancient history: Vol. 3, Part 1. The pre-
history of the Balkans; the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to
dependence among COMECON nations diminished: by ninth centuries B.C. (2nd Ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univer-
1980 it was 49 percent and by 1990, 38 percent. sity Press.
Boardman, J., Hammond, N. G. L., Lewis, D. M., & Ostwald, M. (Eds.).
(1998). The Cambridge ancient history:Vol. 4. Persia, Greece and the
Post-Communist Western Mediterranean, c.525 to 479 BC (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK:
Globalization Cambridge University Press.
Bowman,A., Garnsey, P. and Rathbone, D. (Eds). (2000). The Cambridge
The collapse of communist regimes in all COMECON ancient history: Vol. 11. High Empire, A.D. 70–192 (2nd Ed.). Cam-
states between 1989 and 1991 brought the Council to bridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cameron, A., Ward-Perkins, B. and Whitby, M. (Eds). (2000). The Cam-
an end and opened the trade of the twenty-seven coun-
bridge ancient history: Vol. 14. Late antiquity: Empire and successors.
tries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Common- Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
wealth of Independent States (CIS) to worldwide Csikos-Nagy, B., & Young, D. G. (Eds.). (1986). East-West economic rela-
tions in the changing global environment. London: Macmillan.
globalization: by 2002 only 21 percent of their exports
Falkus, M. E. (1972). The industrialisation of Russia 1700–1914. Lon-
moved within the region, while 73 percent were to other don: Macmillan.
developed market economies (6 percent were with devel- Franck, I. M., & Brownstone, D. M. (1986). The Silk Road:A history. New
York: Facts on File.
oping countries). Capital from the West supported eco- Hanson, P. (1988). Western economic statecraft in East–West relations.
nomic development. Foreign direct investment amounted London: Routledge.
Kaser, M. C. (1967). Comecon: Integration problems of the planned
to $34 billion in 2002; gross external debt was in aggre-
economies (2nd ed). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
gate 46 percent of Eastern European GDP with 44 per- Kaser, M. C., & Radice, E.A. (Eds.). (1985). The economic history of East-
cent of that in the CIS alone. All but three countries ern Europe 1919–1975 (Vol. 1). Oxford, UK: Oxford University
Press.
(Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) had by 2003 Kaser, M. (1990). Trade relations: Patterns and prospects. In A. Pravda
liberalized trade and current payments, and all but those & P. Duncan (Eds.), Soviet–British relations since the 1970s ( pp.
193– 214). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
three and six others (Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Mathias, P., & Postan, M. M. (Eds.). (1978). The Cambridge economic his-
Kazakhstan, Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, Tajikistan, and tory of Europe from the decline of the Roman empire:Vol. 7. The indus-
Ukraine) had joined the World Trade Organization. Once trial economies: Capital, labour, and enterprise. Part 1, Britain, France,
Germany and Scandinavia, The United States, Japan and Russia. Cam-
it had been opened to commercial and financial flows
bridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
like those of most developed economies, scant rationale Miller, E. and Postan, M. (Eds). (1987). The Cambridge economic history
remained for considering Eastern Europe as a distinct of Europe: Vol. 2. Trade and industry in the Middle Ages (2nd Ed.).
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
trading region. As the European Union extended its Miller, E., Postan, M. and Rich, E. E. (Eds). (1979). The Cambridge eco-
membership (the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, nomic history of Europe: Vol. 3. Organization and Policies in the Mid-
dle Ages (2nd Ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Poland joined
Radice, E. A. (1986). The German economic programme in Eastern
in May 2004), what had once been trade between blocs Europe. In M. C. Kaser & E. A. Radice (Eds.), The economic history
became the internal trade of a Single Market or trade with of Eastern Europe 1919–1975 (Vol. 2, pp. 229– 308). Oxford, UK:
Oxford University Press.
countries having association agreements with the EU. Rich, E.E. and Wilson, C.H. (Eds). (1967). The Cambridge economic his-
tory of Europe: Vol. 4. The economy of expanding Europe in the six-
Michael Kaser teenth and seventeenth centuries. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
See also Hanseatic League Saunders, C. T. (Ed.). (1985). East/West trade and finance in the world
economy. London: Macmillan.
Sutton, A. C. (1968). Western technology and Soviet economic develop-
ment 1917–1930. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Further Reading Teichova, A., & Cottrell, P. L. (Eds.). (1983). International business and
Baldwin, D., & Milner, H. (Eds.). (1990). East/West trade and the Central Europe 1919–1939. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press.
Atlantic alliance. London: Macmillan. Tucker, J. (2003). The silk road: Art and history. London: Philip Wilson.
Birch, G., & Saunders, C. (Eds.). (1989). East/West relations in the 1980s. Whitlock, M. (2002). Beyond the oxus:The central Asians. London: John
London: Macmillan. Murray.