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Resilience through Leadership                                    83

                                Institutional leaders can also indirectly foster resilience by encourag-
                             ing and funding studies aimed at identifying new strategies and techniques
                             for resiliency training. Coping strategies that improve individuals’ problem-
                             solving and communication abilities appear to be related to increased
                             resilience, and institutional leaders can emphasize the importance of these
                             examinations by continuing to encourage such research and by making
                             available the necessary resources.
                                As we have observed throughout this chapter, the understood and prac-
                             tical impacts of leadership on resilience will undoubtedly vary depend-
                             ing upon how the constructs of leadership and resilience are operationally
                             defi ned, measured, and applied. Nonetheless, based upon the evidence that
                             is currently available, we are persuaded that future investigations will pro-

                             vide significant conceptual insights concerning resilience and the manner
                             in which leaders can apply their skills and authority to promote resilience in
                             all work environments. We hope that future research will recognize the need

                             for practical benefit, including the design and the application of leadership
                             training programs and resilience development initiatives.


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