Page 12 - Biodegradable Polyesters

X Contents

11 Electrospun Biopolymer Nanofibers and Their Composites for Drug
Delivery Applications 275
Yue-EMiao and Tianxi Liu
11.1 Introduction 275
11.2 Simply Blended Drug/Biopolymer Nanofibers by Conventional
Electrospinning for Drug Delivery 276
11.2.1 Drug-Loaded Single-Component Biopolymer Nanofibers 277
11.2.2 Drug-Loaded Multicomponent Biopolymer Nanofibers 279
11.2.3 Drug-Loaded Nanoparticle/Biopolymer Composites 280
11.3 Uniquely Encapsulated Drug/Biopolymer Nanofiber Systems for
Drug Delivery 283
11.3.1 Coaxial Electrospun Drug/Biopolymer Nanofibers 283
11.3.2 Emulsion Electrospun Drug/Biopolymer Nanofibers 286
11.3.3 Electrosprayed Drug/Biopolymer Nanofibers 289
11.4 Conclusions and Outlook 292
Acknowledgment 293
References 293

12 Biodegradable Polyesters Polymer–Polymer Composites with
Improved Properties for Potential Stent Applications 299
Lloyd D. Kimble and Debes Bhattacharyya
12.1 Introduction 299
12.2 Stenting Development 300
12.2.1 Bare Metal Stents 300
12.2.2 Coated Metal Stents 301
12.2.3 Drug-Eluting Stents 301
12.2.4 Recap and the Next Phase of Stent Evolution: Biodegradable
Stents 301
12.3 Stents – an Engineering Point of View 302
12.3.1 Stent Deployment: the Need for Ductility 302
12.3.2 Importance of Creep after Implantation 303
12.3.3 A Vessel Is Not Static: Material Fatigue Considerations 304
12.3.4 Material Degradation: a Critical Variable 304
12.3.5 Engineering Solutions versus Clinical Implications 305
12.4 Biodegradable Stents 305
12.4.1 Selection Criteria for Biodegradable Stent Materials 305
12.5 The MFC Concept for Preparation of Polymer–Polymer Composites
with Superior Mechanical Properties 309
12.5.1 Preparation of Polymer–Polymer Composites from PLLA/PGA
Blends 310
12.5.2 MFC Film Molding 310
12.6 Properties of PLA/PGA Polymer–Polymer Nanofibrillar
Composites 311
12.6.1 Morphology of PLA/PGA Nano-/Microfibrillar Polymer–Polymer
Composites 311