Page 155 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

138 Chapter Four

Figure 4.24 Vernicia fordii. (Photo courtesy of Dr. Alvin R. Diamond [http://spectrum.
troy.edu/~diamond/PIKEFLORA.htm].)

palmitic acid (5.5%), oleic acid (4.0%), linoleic acid (8.5%), and eleostearic
acid (82%) [77].

Main uses. Tung oil is used in paints, varnishes, and so forth. It is also
used in the production of linoleum, resins, and chemical coatings. It
has been used in motor fuels in China [77]. The seed cake after oil
extraction is used as a fertilizer and cannot be used for animal feed as
it contains a toxic protein [75]. No references about its use as a raw mate-
rial to produce biodiesel have been found to date.

4.6.7 Ucuuba oil
Crop description. Virola surinamensis and V. sebifera (see Fig. 4.25)—
commonly known as ucuhuba, ucuiba, ucuba, muscadier porte-suif, and
yayamadou—belong to the family Myristicaceae and grow in tropical
swampy forests. Major producing countries are Brazil, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, French Guiana, and Guyana. A typical tree is of medium height
and can produce 60–90 L of oil each year. The seeds contain 65–76% oil.
The yellow-brown aromatic oils from both varieties are very similar.
Other related species, such as V. otoba, which grows in Colombia and
Peru, yield a fat similar to ucuuba, which is known as otoba butter or
American nutmeg butter. Major fatty acids present in the oil are lauric