Page 307 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

CHAPTER 10

Key issue, challenges, and status

quo of models for biofuel supply

chain design

Kai Lan, Sunkyu Park, Yuan Yao
Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States

Contents

1 Introduction 273
2 Structure of BSC 274
2.1 Biomass production 274
2.2 Biomass conversion to biofuel 276
2.3 Biofuel distribution and end use 279
3 Multiple decision levels in BSC modeling 280
3.1 Strategic decisions 280
3.2 Tactical and operational decisions 281
4 Modeling approaches for BSC design 286
4.1 Optimization models 287
4.2 Simulation-based BSC models 299
5 Challenges and issues in BSC design 301
5.1 Technical challenges and issues related to BSC component 301
5.2 Challenges and issues related to BSC modeling and decision-making 302
6 Conclusions and future directions 304
References 306

1 Introduction
Biofuel is widely regarded as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel for
reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing energy security.
However, the adoption of biofuel in the global transportation sector is still
limited. For example, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA),
90% of transportation biofuel use happens in Brazil, the European Union
(EU), China, and the United States (IEA, 2017). A much wider adoption
of biofuel is needed to mitigate global warming while meeting the growing
energy demand (e.g., high biofuel penetration is needed to achieve IEA 2°C

Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815581-3.00010-5 All rights reserved. 273