Page 81 - Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future

CHAPTER 4

Indicators for sustainability

assessment of biofuels:

Economic, environmental, social,

and technological dimensions

†
Osvaldo Jos e Venturini*, Juarez Corr^ ea Furtado Júnior , Jos e Carlos
‡
Escobar Palacio*, Eric Alberto Ocampo Batlle*, Monica Carvalho ,
Electo Eduardo Silva Lora*
*
Federal University of Itajuba ´—UNIFEI, Itajuba ´, Brazil
†
State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
‡
Federal University of Paraı ´ba—UFPB, Joa ˜o Pessoa, Brazil
Contents

1 Introduction 74
2 Technological aspects 75
2.1 Biofuels 75
3 Production of biofuel in biorefineries 76
4 Biochemical routes 78
5 Thermochemical routes 81
6 Sustainability in biorefineries 83
7 Study case 87
8 Main parameters adopted in the biochemical conversion processes 90
8.1 Second-generation ethanol 90
8.2 Biobutanol 90
9 Thermochemical conversion processes 92
10 Pretreatment of bagasse 93
11 Production and cleaning of syngas 93
12 Syngas conditioning 94
13 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis 94
14 Generation of electricity and steam in the BIG-GTCC cycle 97
15 Sustainability indicators 98
16 Results 99
17 Global efficiency and net productivity per hectare 100
18 Comparative analysis 102
19 Economic indicators 103
20 Determination of NPV for the Fischer-Tropsch case (FT case) 104
21 Cost of gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis plants 105
References 109
Further reading 113
Biofuels for a More Sustainable Future © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815581-3.00004-X All rights reserved. 73