Page 177 - Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook Volume 1, Fundamentals

154 BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN BODY

Muscle excitations

Excitation/activation
signal
u(t)
Muscle activation
dynamics a(t)

Time (s)
Muscle activations

Muscle
CE
Muscle contraction SEE
dynamics
PEE
Tendon
Actuator
Muscle forces

Musculoskeletal
geometry

Joint torques

7
1-6
Body-segmental 10
dynamics 19
13 20
Y
14 21
Z 23
18–

Body motion
FIGURE 7.1 Schematic diagram showing how the human neuromusculoskeletal system can be com-
partmentalized for modeling purposes.