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                    Biologically Inspired Optical Systems                                       295

























                             (a)                            (b)
                    Figure 11.4  (a) Spherical aberration from a spherical lens with homogenous index of refraction; (b) properly
                    focused rays from a spherical lens with a refractive index gradient.











































                    (b)                                    (c)
                    Figure 11.5  (a) Schematic, (b) curved retinal structure, (c) close-up of S-flexural joints. (From Hung, P.J., Jeong,
                    K., Liu, G.L., and Lee, L.P. Applied Physical Letters 2004: 85(24), 6051–6053. With permission.)
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