Page 21 - Bridge and Highway Structure Rehabilitation and Repair

xx SYMBOLS, NOTATIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY

Nomenclature
C a factor relating an equivalent uniform moment diagram to the actual diagram
m
A area
A f area of compression fl ange
A area of web
w
f axial stress; also, allowable axial fatigue stress
a
d b bar diameter
d beam depth; also, distance between center of beam fl anges
M , M bending and twisting moments per unit length of a section of a plate perpendicular to n
nt
n
direction
M bending moment
M , M bending moments per unit length of sections of a plate or beam perpendicular to x and y
x
y
axes, respectively
M bending moment that causes fi rst yielding
y/d
f b bending stress
f buckling stress for columns; also, compressive stress in plates or tubes; also, bending
c
stress in concrete; also, theroetical elastic lateral bucking stress
u, v, w components of displacements
M cracking moment of concrete
cr
M dead load moment
d
D diameter
d depth, diameter
e eccentricity
k effective length factor for a compression member
b effective plate width
e
P Euler load of column
e
FS factor of safety for static stress
b f fl ange width
D fl exural rigidity of a plate or shell
q intensity of a continuously distributed load
L length
M l live load moment
n modular ratio (ratio of modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete)
E modulus of elasticity of concrete
c
E modulus of elasticity of steel
s
G modulus of elasticity in shear
E modulus of elasticity in tension ad compression
M moment caused by loads perpendicular to x axis
x
N , N normal forces per unit length of sections of a plate perpendicular to x and y directions,
x
y
respectively
M p plastic moment
Z plastic section modulus
a plate length or stiffener spacing; also depth of compressive region in concrete slab of
composite beam; also, torsional fl ange bending constant