Page 22 - Bridge and Highway Structure Rehabilitation and Repair

SYMBOLS, NOTATIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY xxi

b l plate width between stiffeners
b plate width; also, effective width of concrete slab
r, 0 polar coordinates
J polar second moment of area
' Poisson’s ratio
p pressure
r , r radii of curvature of the middle surface of a plate in xz and yz planes, respectively
y
x
r radius of gyration
x, y, z rectangular coordinates
I second moment of area
S section modulus; also, stress in cyclic loading
Q shear force
V shear force
Q , Q shearing forces parallel to axis per unit length of sections of a plate perpendicular to x
x
y
and y axes, respectively
Q shearing force parallel to z axis per unit length of section of a plate perpendicular to n
n
direction
f shear stress
v
f1 specifi ed compression strength of concrete
c
V strain energy
f stress
T temperature, torque
R a term used in required percentage of steel expression for fl exural members
m
t thickness of concrete slab
c
t thickness of fl ange
f
t thickness of web
w
h thickness of a plate or a shell
J torsional constant
T torsional moment; also, tensile force in composite beam; also, proof load of bolts; also
membrane torsion
I transformed moment of inertia of cracked concrete section
cr
M twisting moment per unit length of section of a plate perpendicular to x axis
xy
M ultimate moment
u
w unit weight of concrete
c
l unsupported length of a compression member
u
V volume
W weight, load
weight per unit volume
b width of bottom fl ange
b
f yield stress (yield point or yield strength, whichever is applicable)
y

Other notations as introduced in text or used in references listed in Bibliography.