Page 74 - Bridge and Highway Structure Rehabilitation and Repair

CHAPTER 2 DIAGNOSTIC DESIGN AND SELECTIVE RECONSTRUCTION 49

Figure 2.9 Types of structural options.

2.2.7 Design Aspects to Minimize Maintenance
The following issues are common to many states:
1. Elimination of deck joints by using integral and semi-integral abutments.
2. Fiber wrapping columns to increase seismic resistance.
3. Wider shoulders versus number of deck drains.
4. Use of culvert versus small span bridge.
5. Use of low water crossing in place of a bridge.
6. Transverse post-tensioning of deck slab.
7. Reduced deck thickness due to arching action.
8. Elimination deck vibration at longitudinal joints due to traffi c.
9. Use of grade beams under approach slab.
10. Design of bridges with sharp skew angles.
11. Design of scour countermeasures.
12. Settlement of approach slabs.

2.2.8 Selection of Concrete Repair Materials

1. Latex modified and micro-silica modified concrete overlays.
2. Asphalt overlays.
3. Silica fume overlays.
4. Use of precast concrete approach slabs.
5. Improved concrete mix design for extremely hot weather.
6. Use of cast-in-place versus precast concrete.
7. Use of HPC.