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            -                          r--                            ------                        ------

                     ""       /1                    ~                             ~/
                                                             /1
             "             v                             v                              v                  "
                                 ~                              ~                             ~

               L...----                      L...----                       ~                             -



















                                                            .; 5   .                    .        .
            FIGURE 15-28 Square-wave form showlng the product of IПрut slgnal and

            bipolar square-wave signal SQbp( t:).
            [п terms  of conversion  gain,  this  mixer  circuit  has  а conversion  gain  with  the
            fundamental  oscillator  signal  of  2/ п  and  requires  the  generation  of  ап
            inverting'phase RF signal. This inverting  phase сап Ье achieved via  а transformer, а
            balanced'output amplifier, ог ап inverting-gain amplifier.

            With  V. F  =  Ь,  cos(2nif, 1J  and  using  just  the  first  term  from  Equation  (15'15), we
            have









                         Ь,  ~~ { cos[27f(~11 + fJt]  + cos[27f(~11  - fs)J}

            Thus  the  input  signal's amplitude  Ь,  gets  scaled  Ьу а  factor  of  (4/П)('/2 )  =  2/п,
            which  is the conversion gain.
            Саге should  Ье taken  to  avoid  апу ОС voltage  difference  between  the  А and  В

            terminals  in  Figure  15·20.  Апу potential  difference  at  the  inputs  will  cause  а
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